Muainisho wa matamko tendi katika riwaya za Ken Walibora

Ikisiri Makala hii inanuia kuchunguza matamko tendi yanayopatikana katika dayolojia baina ya wahusika katika riwaya za Walibora. Madhumuni mahsusi ni kuainisha MT yaliyotumiwa katika riwaya za Walibora. Makala iliongozwa na Nadharia ya Vitendo Usemi. Muundo wa kiuchanganuzi ulitumiwa huku taaluma ikiwa ni pragmatiki. Sampuli dhamirifu ilitumika kuteua riwaya nne za Walibora huku sampuli dabwadabwa ikitumika kuteua MT kutoka riwaya hizo. Mbinu ya unukuzi ilitumiwa kudondoa sehemu za matini na kuwekwa kwenye jedwali la matukio. Deta zilichanganuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu ya kimaelezo kulingana na madhumuni ya makala na kuwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo na majedwali. Makala yalionyesha MT mengi kuwa MTE yakiwa 121 kwa 285. Idadi kubwa ya MT yalikuwa ya kuamuru kumaanisha msemaji alitumia mamlaka aliyo nayo kushrutisha msemewa atende jambo kwa kuzingatia kanuni ya kiilokusheni. Mengine yakiwa ya kukaribisha. Uchanganuzi wa MT una umuhimu katika usomaji, uchanganuzi na ufasiriaji wa mazungumzo ya wahusika na maana anayonuia mwandishi wa riwaya.   Maneno muhimu: Muainisho, matamko tendi, riwaya.   Abstract This article seeked to analyse the speech acts in utterances in the conversation of the characters in Walibora‘s novels. The specific objective of the article was to categorise performative acts as used in the novels. Speech Acts Theory guided the study. The article employed analytical research design, while the article area was pragmatics. Purposive sampling was used to select Walibora’s four novels while saturation sampling was employed to select the performative acts in the novels. Content analysis was done while selected performative acts were recorded in a table of occurrence. Data was analysed thematically depending on research objectives and presented using text and tables. The research found out that the most dominant category of performative acts were the directives with 121 out of 285. The usage of the performative acts were predominantly attempts to order the hearer to do something. That means the speaker employed their authority to order the hearer to do something according to illocutionary felicity. Another predominant type was the acts of welcoming. Performative acts analysis have importance on the readership, analysis, and interpretation of characters’ conversations and the implied meaning in novels.   Key terms:  categorisation, performative acts, characters, novels.