Gurbin Waƙoƙin Yara Mata da ‘Yammata a Rayuwar Hausawa

Waƙoƙin yara mata da ‘yammata wani babban rukuni ne a al’adar Hausawa. Waƙoƙi ne da ake yi domin samun nishaɗi da tarbiyya da ilmantarwa da kuma gargaɗi ga ‘yammata tun suna ƙanana. Waƙoƙin suna ƙunshe da darussa masu muhimmanci da suka shafi rayuwa da ladabi da tsaftace hulɗa da sauran mutane, ko dogaro da kai ta hanyar sana’o’i. An ƙudiri aniyar yin wannan bincike ne ganin yadda a yanzu ire-iren waɗannan waƙoƙi masu ƙima suka tafi hanyar ɓacewa kuma waƙoƙin fiyano na ƙoƙarin maye gurbinsu. Daga cikin manufofin waɗannan waƙoƙi na yara mata akwai koyar da tarbiyya da waɗanda ke ilimantarwa, ga waɗanda ake yi domin tallata sana’o’i, akwai waɗanda ake shiryarwa ga rayuwar aure da kuma waɗanda ake yi domin nishaɗantarwa. Na ɗora wannan bincike a kan ra’in Adabin Gargajiya (Folklore Theory) wanda William John Thoms ya ƙirƙira a shekarar 1846 daga baya kuma Farfesa Abdulƙadir Ɗangambo ya kafa ƙa’idojin nazarin waƙoƙin gargajiya daga 1970 har zuwa lokacin da muke yanzu. Ra’in Adabin Gargajiya yana nazari a kan abubuwan da al’umma ke gadonsu ta baka. Don haka, waƙoƙin yara mata tubala ne da suka fito daga al’ada waɗanda ake gado daga iyaye zuwa yara cikin sauƙi da nishaɗi, kuma waƙoƙin ba don wasa kawai ake yi ba, al’adu ne waɗanda ke shiryar da ‘yammata a kan yadda za su taso cikin ladabi da tarbiyya. Hanyoyin da aka bi domin samun sahihan bayanai na wannan bincike sun haɗa da nazartar littatafai da suka zo hannu masu alaƙa da aikin da sauraro da naɗar wasu waƙoƙi daga waɗanda abin ya shafa, an yi amfani da wayar hannu domin naɗar waƙoƙin. Haka kuma an samu misalan wasu waƙoƙin daga marubuciyar. Sakamakon da aka samu bayan gudanar da wannan bincike sun haɗa da duk da sauye-sauyen da aka samu na zamani waƙoƙin yara da ‘yammata sun ci gaba da zama wata hanya mai tasiri wadda al’umma ke amfani da ita wajen gina tunanin yara da shirya su domin rayuwar gaba. Wannan ya nuna cewa waƙoƙin ba wai ana yin su ne kawai don nishaɗi ba, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsare al’ada da haɓaka ilimi.