Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Lender atas Kerugian Investasi Dana dalam Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Berbasis Teknologi Peer-to-Peer Lending pada PT Investree

Abstract. Information technology–based funding services through peer-to-peer lending (P2P lending) have developed in Indonesia based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and regulations in the fields of electronic transactions and financial services. Normatively, the implementation of P2P lending and the legal protection of lenders are regulated under the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions, the Law on the Financial Services Authority, and various Financial Services Authority Regulations governing consumer protection, governance, risk management, transparency, and the security of lenders’ funds to ensure legal certainty for lenders as investors. However, in practice, defaults still occur and cause losses to lenders, as illustrated by the case of PT Investree Radhika Jaya, which experienced a significant increase in non-performing loans and led to complaints submitted to the Financial Services Authority as well as civil lawsuits filed by lenders. This gap between normative regulation and its implementation demonstrates the need to assess the effectiveness of legal protection for lenders in P2P lending services. This research addresses two main issues, namely whether the existing laws and regulations sufficiently provide legal protection for lenders in technology-based lending transactions and how such protection is applied in cases of investment losses in P2P lending services at PT Investree Radhika Jaya. This study employs a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical design by examining relevant legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions through library research and qualitative analysis.  Abstrak: Layanan pendanaan berbasis teknologi informasi melalui peer to peer lending (P2P lending) berkembang pesat di Indonesia dengan berlandaskan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 serta didukung oleh regulasi di bidang transaksi elektronik dan jasa keuangan. Secara normatif, penyelenggaraan P2P lending dan perlindungan hukum bagi lender diatur dalam Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Undang-Undang tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, serta berbagai Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan yang mengatur perlindungan konsumen, tata kelola penyelenggara, pengelolaan risiko, transparansi informasi, dan keamanan dana. Meskipun demikian, dalam praktik masih ditemukan wanprestasi yang menimbulkan kerugian bagi lender, sebagaimana terjadi pada PT Investree Radhika Jaya yang berujung pada pengaduan kepada OJK dan pengajuan gugatan perdata. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara pengaturan hukum dan pelaksanaannya, sehingga diperlukan kajian mengenai efektivitas perlindungan hukum bagi lender dalam layanan P2P lending. Penelitian ini mengkaji dua permasalahan utama, yaitu kecukupan pengaturan perundang-undangan dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada lender serta bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap kerugian investasi dana pada kasus PT Investree Radhika Jaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum bagi lender telah diatur secara normatif, namun masih memerlukan penguatan dalam implementasinya.