Pengaruh Latihan Relaksasi Otot Progresif terhadap Kualitas Tidur Lansia

Lansia merupakan kelompok orang yang paling sering mengalami penurunan kualitas tidur. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan manfaat latihan relaksasi otot progresif untuk menghadirkan rasa nyaman yang dibutuhkan dalam mereduksi penyebab gangguan tidur. Penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh relaksasi otot progresif terhadap kualitas tidur lansia. Rancangan penelitian ini Quasi Experimental dengan pendekatan Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Sampel diambil secara Purposive Sampling. Besar sampel 51 responden, terdiri dari 26 responden kelompok intervensi dan 25 responden kelompok kontrol. Kelompok intervensi melakukan latihan relaksasi otot progresif selama empat minggu. Kualitas tidur diukur sebelum dan sesudah latihan relaksasi otot progresif menggunakan instrumen PSQI. Pengukuran dilakukan empat kali, yaitu sebelum intervensi (pre test), dua minggu setelah intervensi (post test 1), tiga minggu setelah intervensi (post test 2), dan empat minggu setelah intervensi (post test 3). Data dianalisis menggunakan t test dan Repeated Anova. Hasil Uji t berpasangan kelompok intervensi menunjukkan nilai t hitung > t tabel, dengan p = 0,000. Pada kelompok kontrol diperoleh nilai t hitung < t tabel, dengan p > 0,05. Uji Repeated Anova memeroleh nilai F hitung (71,415) > F tabel (3,89) dengan p=0,000. Uji t tidak berpasangan didapatkan skor pretest, posttest 1, posttest 2 dan posttest 3 berbeda signifikan antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan p < 0,05. Rata-rata skor PSQI kelompok intervensi menunjukkan kecenderungan penurunan setelah latihan relaksasi otot progresif, sedang kelompok kontrol tidak menunjukkan perubahan skor secara bermakna. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena latihan relaksasi otot progresif bermanfaat menimbulkan respon tenang, nyaman, dan rileks. Implikasi penelitian ini bahwa latihan relaksasi otot progresif secara bermakna meningkatkan kualitas tidur lansia sehingga dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai terapi komplementer dalam tatalaksana gangguan tidur pada lansia sebagai tindakan mandiri keperawatan.Kata kunci: Kualitas tidur, lansia, relaksasi otot progresif.The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Exercise towards Older People’s Quality of SleepAbstractOlder people are the group of people who often experience the decreasing of quality of sleep. Few studies showed the benefit of progressive muscle relaxation exercise to give comfort that is needed to reduce the cause of sleep disturbance. This study aimed to examine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercise towards older people’s quality of sleep. The research design is quasi experimental using pretest-posttest control group design. The sample were recruited using purposive sampling. The total sample were 51 participant which consist of 26 participants in intervention group and 25 participants in control group. Intervention group were conducted progressive muscle relaxation exercise for four weeks. The quality of sleep were measured before and after the exercise using PSQI instrument. The measurements were conducted four times, which were before intervention (pretest), two weeks after intervention (posttest 1), three weeks after intervention (posttest 2), and four weeks after intervention (posttest 3). The data were analyzed using t-test and Repeated ANOVA. The paired t-test for intervention group showed that the score of counted t > table t, with p = 0.000. In the control group, the results showed that counted t < table t score, p >0.005. The repeated ANOVA showed that counted F (71.415) > table F (3.89) with p= 0.000. Independent t-test showed that scores of pretest, posttest 1, posttest 2 and posttest 3 were different significantly between intervention and control groups with p<0.05. The average PSQI scores in intervention group showed a tendency of decreasing after progressive muscle relaxation exercise, while in the control group there was no significant changes in the scores. This is because the progressive muscle relaxation exercise is benefit to give calming, comforting and relaxing responses. The implication of this study is that progressive muscle relaxation exercise can significantly improve the quality of sleep of older people so that this exercise can be considered as a complementary therapy for management of sleep disturbance among older people as an independent nursing care.Keywords: Older people, progressive muscle relaxation exercise, quality of sleep.