Kewenangan Pengadilan Agama dalam Penyelesaian Kepailitan Syariah

Abstract. This study examines the authority of the Religious Court in resolving Islamic bankruptcy disputes based on Law Number 3 of 2006 concerning the Religious Court. The background of this research stems from the overlapping jurisdiction between the Religious Court and the Commercial Court in handling bankruptcy cases involving Islamic financial institutions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal foundation, scope of authority, and obstacles faced by the Religious Court in implementing Islamic bankruptcy dispute resolution in Indonesia. The research uses a qualitative approach with a normative-empirical legal method. Data were collected through literature studies, statutory analysis, and interviews with judges and legal practitioners. The findings indicate that, juridically, the Religious Court holds absolute authority over Islamic economic disputes under Article 49 letter (i) of Law Number 3 of 2006, as reinforced by the Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-X/2012. However, in practice, this authority has not been effectively implemented due to the absence of specific procedural regulations for Islamic bankruptcy cases and the limited capacity of judges in the field of Islamic economic law. This study recommends the synchronization of Law Number 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy with Law Number 3 of 2006, as well as capacity-building programs for Religious Court judges. Strengthening both the regulatory framework and the institutional competence of the Religious Court is essential to ensure that the settlement of Islamic bankruptcy disputes is carried out effectively and in accordance with the principles of Islamic law. Abstrak. Penelitian ini membahas kewenangan Pengadilan Agama dalam menyelesaikan sengketa kepailitan syariah berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 tentang Peradilan Agama. Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari adanya tumpang tindih kewenangan antara Pengadilan Agama dan Pengadilan Niaga dalam menangani kasus kepailitan yang melibatkan lembaga keuangan berbasis syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dasar hukum, batas kewenangan, serta hambatan yang dihadapi Pengadilan Agama dalam implementasi penyelesaian perkara kepailitan syariah di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif-empiris. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, analisis peraturan perundang-undangan, serta wawancara dengan hakim dan praktisi hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara yuridis, Pengadilan Agama memiliki kewenangan absolut dalam menangani perkara ekonomi syariah berdasarkan Pasal 49 huruf (i) Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 dan diperkuat oleh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012. Namun dalam praktiknya, kewenangan tersebut belum terlaksana secara optimal karena belum adanya regulasi teknis tentang kepailitan syariah dan keterbatasan kompetensi hakim dalam bidang ekonomi syariah. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya sinkronisasi antara Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004 tentang Kepailitan dan Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006, serta peningkatan kapasitas hakim Pengadilan Agama agar penyelesaian perkara kepailitan syariah dapat dilakukan secara efektif dan sesuai dengan prinsip hukum Islam.