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One-time double-layer placement of controlled-release urea enhances wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency and mitigates N2O emissions
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Simultaneously enhancing the crop yield and reducing nitrous oxide (N
2
O) emissions presents a critical challenge in sustainable agriculture. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is a key strategy to enhance crop yield. However, conventional N application practices often lead to excessive soil N accumulation, insufficient crop N uptake and elevated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To address these issues, this study evaluated the effectiveness of one-time double-layer fertilization of controlled-release urea (CRU) in improving wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and mitigating N
2
O emissions compared to single-layer fertilization. A two-year field experiment (2021-2023) was conducted with five treatments: zero N fertilizer (T0), one-time single-layer fertilization of urea at 8–10 cm soil depth (T1), one-time single-layer fertilization of CRU at 8–10 cm soil depth (T2), one-time double-layer fertilization of urea at 8–10 cm & 18–20 cm soil depth (T3), one-time double-layer fertilization of CRU at 8–10 cm & 18–20 cm soil depth (T4). The two-year average results indicated that one-time double-layer fertilization of CRU (T4) achieved the highest wheat yield (10.20 t ha
-1
) and NUE (19.13 kg kg
-1
), as well as the lowest N
2
O emissions (0.66 kg ha
-1
). Compared to single-layer CRU fertilization (T2), T4 increased wheat yield and NUE by 5.94% and 11.26%, respectively, while reducing N
2
O emissions by 22.50%. Furthermore, T4 optimized the soil microenvironment by lowering soil temperature and NO
3
−
-N content at 0–10 cm depth, while enhancing soil moisture and NH
4
+
-N availability at 10–20 cm, thereby promoting plant N uptake and utilization. These findings suggest that the one-time double-layer fertilization of CRU synchronizes N release with crop demand and regulates soil N dynamics, offering a promising strategy to boost wheat productivity and minimize environmental impacts.
Title: One-time double-layer placement of controlled-release urea enhances wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency and mitigates N2O emissions
Description:
Simultaneously enhancing the crop yield and reducing nitrous oxide (N
2
O) emissions presents a critical challenge in sustainable agriculture.
The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is a key strategy to enhance crop yield.
However, conventional N application practices often lead to excessive soil N accumulation, insufficient crop N uptake and elevated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
To address these issues, this study evaluated the effectiveness of one-time double-layer fertilization of controlled-release urea (CRU) in improving wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and mitigating N
2
O emissions compared to single-layer fertilization.
A two-year field experiment (2021-2023) was conducted with five treatments: zero N fertilizer (T0), one-time single-layer fertilization of urea at 8–10 cm soil depth (T1), one-time single-layer fertilization of CRU at 8–10 cm soil depth (T2), one-time double-layer fertilization of urea at 8–10 cm & 18–20 cm soil depth (T3), one-time double-layer fertilization of CRU at 8–10 cm & 18–20 cm soil depth (T4).
The two-year average results indicated that one-time double-layer fertilization of CRU (T4) achieved the highest wheat yield (10.
20 t ha
-1
) and NUE (19.
13 kg kg
-1
), as well as the lowest N
2
O emissions (0.
66 kg ha
-1
).
Compared to single-layer CRU fertilization (T2), T4 increased wheat yield and NUE by 5.
94% and 11.
26%, respectively, while reducing N
2
O emissions by 22.
50%.
Furthermore, T4 optimized the soil microenvironment by lowering soil temperature and NO
3
−
-N content at 0–10 cm depth, while enhancing soil moisture and NH
4
+
-N availability at 10–20 cm, thereby promoting plant N uptake and utilization.
These findings suggest that the one-time double-layer fertilization of CRU synchronizes N release with crop demand and regulates soil N dynamics, offering a promising strategy to boost wheat productivity and minimize environmental impacts.
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