Environmental Effects and Their Impact on Yield in Adjacent Experimental Plots of High-stem and Short-Stem Wheat Varieties

Abstract Xinhuamai 818 was used as the experimental material for high-stem wheat varieties, HHH was used as the control plot for high-stem wheat varieties (one letter represents an experimental community, and three letters represent a continuous arrangement of three communities, with the middle community as the research object, the same below.) and SHH, HHS, and SHS as the experimental plots. Bainong307 is a dwarf wheat variety, and SSS is the control plot for the short wheat variety. There were three experimental plots: SSH, HSS, and HSH. The research results indicate that in the wheat regional experiment, when high-stem wheat varieties and short-stem wheat varieties were planted adjacent to one another, there was no significant change in soil temperature or humidity in the high-stem wheat variety experimental plot from November to May compared to the control plot, while the soil humidity in the short-stem wheat variety experimental plot was greater than that in the control plot. In May, the soil temperature in the experimental plot of the dwarf wheat varieties was significantly lower than that in the control plot. There was a significant difference in the illumination in the upper part of the wheat canopy between the experimental plots in April and May. Illumination of the wheat canopy in the high-stem wheat variety experimental plot had a significant positive effect, while illumination of the wheat canopy in the short-stem wheat variety experimental plot had a negative effect. The chlorophyll fluorescence indices of flag leaves in the high-stem-wheat variety experimental plots, φPo, PIabs, ABS/RC, DIO/RC, TRO/RC, and ETo/RC, showed an overall increasing trend, while the chlorophyll fluorescence indices of flag leaves in the experimental plots of short-wheat varieties showed a decreasing trend. The analysis of the economic yield, biological yield, and yield factors in each experimental plot showed that the marginal effects of economic yield and thousand grain weight were particularly significant and manifested as positive effects in the high-stem-wheat-variety experimental plot and negative effects in the low-stem-wheat-variety experimental plot. The economic yield of the high-stem wheat variety experimental plot was significantly greater than that of the control plot, the economic yield of the short-stem wheat variety experimental plot was significantly lower than that of the control plot, and the economic yield of the high-stem experimental plot was significantly greater than that of the short-stem experimental plot. When the yield of the control plot of high-stem wheat varieties was compared to that of the control plot of short-stem wheat varieties, the yield of the control plot of short-stem wheat varieties was significantly greater than that of the control plot of high-stem wheat varieties. In the wheat regional experiment, the experimental arrangement of adjacent plants in the experimental plot of high- and short-stem wheat varieties cannot objectively evaluate the economic yield of the tested wheat varieties.