Hubungan Cakupan Imunisasi Dasar dengan Status Gizi pada Balita

Abstract. Immunization is an effort to prevent infectious diseases by administering vaccines to build immunity. The 2018 Basic Health Research data shows that 57.9% of toddlers in Indonesia received complete basic immunization. Incomplete basic immunization coverage increases the risk of exposure to infectious diseases, which can reduce the nutritional status of toddlers. This study was conducted in August 2024 at the Posyandu of Citalem Village, Cipongkor, West Bandung Regency, to assess the relationship between basic immunization coverage and the nutritional status of toddlers. The method used was an analytic observational approach with a cross-sectional design. Samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique from 85 toddlers aged 2–5 years. The results showed that 59 toddlers (69%) had incomplete immunization coverage, and 15 toddlers (18%) had malnutrition status. The p-value of the chi-square test was 0.027, indicating a significant relationship between basic immunization coverage and nutritional status in toddlers. The calculated r-value from the Spearman Rank test was 0.240, meaning that the strength of the relationship between basic immunization coverage and nutritional status was 24%. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between basic immunization coverage and nutritional status among toddlers at the Citalem Village Posyandu. Abstrak. Imunisasi adalah upaya pencegahan penyakit menular dengan memberikan vaksin untuk membentuk kekebalan tubuh. Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 menunjukkan bahwa 57,9% balita di Indonesia mendapatkan imunisasi dasar lengkap. Cakupan imunisasi yang tidak lengkap meningkatkan risiko terpapar penyakit infeksi, yang dapat menurunkan status gizi balita. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Agustus 2024 di Posyandu Desa Citalem, Cipongkor, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, untuk menilai hubungan antara cakupan imunisasi dasar dan status gizi balita. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dari 85 balita usia 2–5 tahun. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 59 balita (69%) memiliki cakupan imunisasi tidak lengkap dan 15 balita (18%) memiliki status gizi kurang. Nilai probabilitas (nilai p) hasil uji chi-square sebesar 0,027 artinya terdapat hubungan signifikan antara cakupan imunisasi dasar dan status gizi pada balita. Nilai r hitung uji Rank Spearman bernilai 0,240 berarti kekuatan hubungan cakupan imunisasi dasar dan status gizi sebesar 24%. Simpulan, penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan signifikan antara cakupan imunisasi dasar dan status gizi balita di Posyandu Desa Citalem.