Dinamika Penyebaran Dan Respon Masyarakat Terhadap Syiah Di Solo

This study examines the dynamics of the spread of Shia preaching in Gumuk, Surakarta, and the responses of the predominantly Sunni community to it. Focusing on the development of Shia dakwah within a Sunni-majority society, the research explores the emergence of social tensions due to theological differences and ritual practices. A qualitative approach is employed through a case study method, with data collected via in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Key informants include local figures such as Pak Wanto (mosque takmir chairman) and participants in Shia study sessions. The findings reveal that although Shia dakwah is conducted cautiously and adaptively, social tensions persist, particularly regarding the practice of Taqiyah and the commemoration of Ashura rituals, which are deemed controversial. Rejection from Sunni groups is reinforced by anti-Shia narratives from organizations like the National Alliance Against Shia (ANNAS) and the Indonesian Ulema Council's (MUI) vigilance recommendations since 1984. Nevertheless, some individuals, such as Pak Sapto, attend Shia study sessions solely to deepen religious knowledge without fully adopting Shia teachings. The Shia preaching strategy in Solo applies the concept of surface conformity, starting with Sunni reference texts to build trust before introducing doctrinal differences. The study concludes that resistance to Shia can be mitigated through inter-group dialogue and inclusive religious education, thereby strengthening religious tolerance in a plural society.