Sözdiziminin Klasik Kökenleri

Classiċ al Foundatiȯ ns of Synta Since syntax (naẓm) is directly related to the issue of the Qurans iʿjāz (inimitability), it has been a shared area of interest among various disciplines in the Islamic scholarly tradition, such as Arabic rhetoric/literature, tafsīr and kalām. From the time of al-Jāḥiẓ (d. 255/869) onward, syntax has been highlighted as a central aspect of iʿjāz, and it underwent significant development up to the era of ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī (d. 471/1078-79). The contributions of al-Iskāfī (d. 420/1029), particularly concerning verbally similar verses, represent one of the key and concrete classical manifestations of this intellectual trajectory. The works of verbally similar (mutashabih), which are studies verses of the Quran that are similar to each other in terms of their words, but differ from points such as precedence-postponing, citing-ruling out, definiteness-indefiniteness, secretion-display and seperation-hyphenation, began from an early period. The scholars of qiraah first dealt with the subject in order to prevent the qurra and hafiz from confusing similar verses and to facilitate memorization. In this context, Kisāī (d. 189/805), one of the imams of the seven qiraah, has compiled the first independent work on the subject with his work named Mutaşabih al-Kuran. These early studies did not aim at explaining the verbally similar verses while merely bringing them together. Hatib al-Iskāfī (d. 420/1029) made the first independent work on this subject with the work Durrat at-tanzīl and Gurrat at-tawīl and examined the reasons for the differentiation of the verses of verbally similar and pioneered a literature that will be formed after him. In this work, Isqafi has subjected a detailed analysis of verbally similar verses in accordance with the Mushaf scheme. The work that examines the reasons for differentiation of verses from the point of syntax applications such as precedence-postponing, citing-ruling out, definiteness-indefiniteness, secretion-display, repetition, reiteration, reference letters, noun-verb usage and seperation-hyphenation is an important syntax analysis. However, Durrat at-tanzīls work and verbally similars work have not been adequately established in connection with syntax in the literatüre. Therefore, it is the main purpose of the study to make the work of Durrat at-tanzīl and, consequently, the verbally similar literature a part of the syntax tradition. Keywords: Arabic Language and Rhetoric; Hatib al-Iskāfī; Syntax; Durrat at-tanzīl; Verbally Similar (Mutashabih)