Determinan Stunting Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan Di Daerah Tepian Sungai Kapuas Kota Pontianak

ABSTRAKStunting merupakan masalah kurang gizi kronis disebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang kurang dalam waktu cukup lama akibat pemberian makanan tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan gizi. Indikator stunting didasarkan pada indeks tinggi badan/ panjang badan menurut usia (TB/ U) dengan ambang batas (Z Score) <-2 SD. Kekurangan gizi pada usia dini dapat meningkatkan angka kematian bayi dan anak, menyebabkan penderitanya mudah sakit dan memiliki postur tubuh tak maksimal saat dewasa. Hasil Riskesdas 2018 di Indonesia terdapat 30,8% dan Kalimantan Barat memiliki prevalensi di atas angka nasional, yaitu sebesar 33,29%. Proporsi status gizi balita TB/U pendek dan sangat pendek Kota Pontianak tahun 2019 terdapat 17,4% dan tertinggi berada di Kelurahan Parit Mayor Kecamatan Pontianak Timur sebesar 33,5%. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor dominan penyebab stunting pada Balita di daerah Tepian Sungai Kapuas. Desain penelitian menggunakan kasus kontrol dengan jumlah kasus sebanyak 14 balita ibu yang memiliki balita stunting dan kontrol sebanyak 28  ibu yang memiliki balita status gizi normal (1: 2). Data yang diambil meliputi karakteristik ibu, tinggi badan ibu, panjang lahir balita, pola asuh, keragaman makanan dan sanitasi lingkungan. Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara tinggi badan ibu (p value = 0.037; OR CI 95% = 4.6 (1.105- 19.14), panjang badan lahir balita (p value = 0.005; OR CI 95% = 9.167 (2.109- 39.847), pola asuh ibu (p value = 0.031; OR CI 95% = 7.22 (1.186- 43.98) dan sanitasi lingkungan rumah tangga (p value = 0.009; OR CI 95% = 6.6 (1.599- 27.243) dengan kejadian stunting balita (Usia 24-59 Bulan) di kawasan pinggir Sungai Kapuas Kota Pontianak. Disarankan kepada dinas kesehatan gencar melakukan promosi pencegahan stunting di posyandu dan fasilitas kesehatan atau melalui media sosial dan ibu balita menerapkan cuci tangan menggunakan sabun pada saat akan mempersiapkan manakan. Kata Kunci :Stunting, tinggi badan ibu, panjang badan lahir, pola asuh,, sanitasi lingkungan, daerah tepian Sungai Kapuas ABSTRACTStunting is a chronic malnutrition problem caused by insufficient nutritional intake for a long time due to the provision of food that does not match nutritional needs. The stunting indicator is based on an index of height/length for age (TB/U) with a threshold (Z Score) <-2 SD. Malnutrition at an early age can increase infant and child mortality, cause sufferers to get sick easily and have poor posture as adults. The 2018 Riskesdas results in Indonesia were 30.8% and West Kalimantan had a prevalence above the national rate, which was 33.29%. The proportion of the nutritional status of toddlers with short and very short height in Pontianak City in 2019 was 17.4% and the highest was in Parit Mayor Village, East Pontianak District with 33.5%. The aim of the study was to analyze the dominant factors causing stunting in toddlers on the banks of the Kapuas River. The research design used case controls with a total of 14 cases of mothers who had stunted toddlers and 28 control mothers who had normal nutritional status of children under five (1: 2). The data collected included the characteristics of the mother, mother's height, birth length, parenting style, food diversity and environmental sanitation. Data analysis used logistic regression test. The results showed that there was a relationship between mother's height (p value = 0.037; OR CI 95% = 4.6 (1.105-19.14), birth length of toddlers (p value = 0.005; OR CI 95% = 9.167 (2.109-39.847), pattern maternal care (p value = 0.031; OR CI 95% = 7.22 (1.186-43.98) and household environmental sanitation (p value = 0.009; OR CI 95% = 6.6 (1.599- 27.243) with the incidence of stunting under five (age 24-59) Bulan) in the Kapuas Riverside area, Pontianak City, it is recommended that the health office actively promote stunting prevention at posyandu and health facilities or through social media and mothers of toddlers apply hand washing with soap when preparing food.Keywords: Stunting, mother's height, birth length, parenting style, environmental sanitation, Kapuas River bank area