Analysis Of Factors Affecting Stunting In Toddlers

Latar Belakang: Stunting pada balita memerlukan perhatian khusus karena menghambat perkembangan fisik dan mental anak, yang secara tidak langsung terkait dengan risiko penyakit dan kematian.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi insidensi stunting pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Klenang, Kabupaten Probolinggo.Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain kasus-kontrol kuantitatif. Variabel independen meliputi faktor individu (Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR), riwayat ASI eksklusif, penyakit menular pada balita, status imunisasi), faktor ibu (status gizi ibu, usia ibu saat hamil, paritas, jarak kelahiran), dan faktor lingkungan (sumber air bersih, akses ke toilet). Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah insidensi stunting. Populasi penelitian meliputi 359 ibu dan balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cakar, Kecamatan Banyuanyar, Kabupaten Probolinggo. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode proportional random sampling, menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen. Analisis menggunakan uji regresi logistik.Hasil: Sebagian besar balita dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) mengalami stunting, 44 (52,4%). 71 (84,5%) di antaranya diberikan ASI eksklusif. 83 (98,8%) balita stunting tidak menderita penyakit menular. 73 (86,9%) balita stunting telah mendapatkan imunisasi lengkap. Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) (nilai P 0,000 < 0,05), pemberian ASI eksklusif (nilai P 0,017 < 0,05), dan status imunisasi (nilai P 0,046 < 0,05) secara signifikan mempengaruhi stunting. Status penyakit menular (P-value 0,556 < 0,05) tidak mempengaruhi stunting.Kesimpulan: Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi stunting akibat asupan nutrisi yang tidak memadai selama kehamilan dan riwayat berat badan lahir rendah.Saran: Tenaga kesehatan harus meningkatkan pendidikan dan konseling bagi ibu hamil, ibu balita, dan calon orang tua tentang stunting, gizi, pengasuhan anak, dan pencegahan penyakit menular, melalui posyandu terpadu, kader kesehatan, dan media digital. Kata kunci: Faktor ibu, faktor individu, faktor lingkungan, stunting ABSTRACT Background: Toddler stunting requires special attention because it inhibits the physical and mental development of children which will indirectly be related to the risk of illness and death.Objective: The purpose of the study: to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the working area of the Klenang Health Center, Probolinggo Regency.Method: This study used a quantitative case-control design. The independent variables were individual factors (LBW, history of exclusive breastfeeding, toddler infectious diseases, immunization status), maternal factors (maternal nutritional status, maternal age during pregnancy, parity, birth spacing), and environmental factors (source of clean water, access to toilets). The dependent variable in this study was the incidence of stunting. The population was all 359 mothers and toddlers in the Cakar Community Health Center work area, Banyuanyar District, Probolinggo Regency. Proportional random sampling was used, with a questionnaire as the instrument. Analysis used a logistic regression test.Results: The majority of toddlers with LBW experienced stunting, 44 (52.4%). 71 (84.5%) were exclusively breastfed. 83 (98.8%) of the stunted toddlers did not have infectious diseases. 73 (86.9%) of the stunted toddlers had complete immunizations. Low birth weight (LBW) (P-value 0.000 < 0.05), exclusive breastfeeding (P-value 0.017 < 0.05), and immunization status (P-value 0.046 < 0.05) significantly affected stunting. Infectious disease status (P-value 0.556 < 0.05) did not influence stunting.Conclusion: Low birth weight (LBW) is the most dominant factor influencing stunting due to inadequate nutritional intake during pregnancy and a history of low birth weight.Suggestion: Health workers should increase education and counseling for pregnant women, mothers of toddlers, and expectant parents about stunting, nutrition, parenting, and infectious disease prevention, through integrated health posts (Posyandu), health cadres, and digital media. Keywords: Environmental factors, individual factors, maternal factors, stunting