Hubungan vaksinasi BCG dengan usia saat diagnosis tuberkulosis pada anak

Abstract. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease with a high burden among children, particularly in areas with elevated transmission risk. The Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is known to prevent severe forms of TB; however, its association with the age at first diagnosis in children remains insufficiently explored. This study aimed to assess the relationship between BCG vaccination history and the age at which children are first diagnosed with TB in the Jatinangor Primary Health Center area. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 126 children aged 0–17 years newly diagnosed with TB between 2015 and 2024. Data were collected from medical records through sorting and cleaning, followed by probability random sampling. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using the chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05. The results demonstrated a significant association between BCG vaccination and the age of TB diagnosis (p=0.006). Children who received BCG were more frequently diagnosed at >6 years (71.4%), whereas unvaccinated children were predominantly diagnosed at 1–6 years (52.4%). An odds ratio of 0.36 (95% CI: 0.17–0.76) confirms the protective effect of BCG against early-age TB diagnosis. No significant association was found between BCG status and sex. This study concludes that BCG vaccination contributes to delaying TB diagnosis in children, supporting the importance of maintaining high BCG coverage and improving TB screening among unvaccinated groups. Abstrak. Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit infeksi dengan beban tinggi pada anak, terutama di wilayah dengan risiko penularan tinggi. Vaksin Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) diketahui mencegah bentuk TB berat, namun hubungannya dengan usia pertama kali anak terdiagnosis TB masih perlu diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara riwayat vaksinasi BCG dengan usia diagnosis pertama TB pada anak di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jatinangor. Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional pada 126 anak usia 0–17 tahun yang terdiagnosis TB baru periode 2015–2024. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis melalui proses sorting dan cleaning, kemudian dipilih menggunakan probability random sampling. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dengan tingkat signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara vaksinasi BCG dan usia diagnosis TB (p=0,006). Anak yang divaksin BCG lebih banyak terdiagnosis pada usia >6 tahun (71,4%), sedangkan anak tanpa vaksinasi cenderung terdiagnosis pada usia 1–6 tahun (52,4%). Nilai OR=0,36 menunjukkan bahwa BCG bersifat protektif terhadap diagnosis TB pada usia dini. Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara status BCG dan jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa vaksinasi BCG berperan menunda usia diagnosis TB pada anak, sehingga memperkuat pentingnya cakupan imunisasi BCG dan skrining TB pada kelompok yang tidak divaksin.