Monitoring Mangrove Forest Degradation in Mangrove Nature Tourism Park Angke Kapuk, North Jakarta, Indonesia Using NDVI

Mangrove forests in Angke Kapuk, North Jakarta, are integral parts of the coastal ecosystem and play important roles in supporting environmental sustainability. One component of the Angke Kapuk Mangrove Forest is the Mangrove Nature Tourism Park (MNTP), Angke Kapuk, covering an area of 99.82 hectares. This study aims to analyze mangrove forest degradation in Angke Kapuk Nature Reserve using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, which allows for mapping mangrove vegetation density and monitoring changes in the vegetation density over time. The objective of this study is to determine the degradation of mangrove forests from 2018 to 2023 using the NDVI derived from Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 satellite imagery. The findings of this study showed a change of 13.16 hectares in forested areas between 2018 and 2023, suggesting forest degradation. Accuracy assessment resulted in 80% overall accuracy with a kappa coefficient of 76.2%. Based on the literature, our results are similar to the acceptable level of accuracy, which is considered to be above 80%. Monitoring mangrove forest areas can serve as a preventive measure to address the issue of mangrove forest degradation. These results underscore the necessity of sustainable forestry monitoring efforts in the MNTP area, as it contributes significantly to providing ecosystem services and maintaining environmental sustainability.