Hubungan Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani dengan Derajat Low Back Pain pada Lansia

Abstract. The aging process leads to a decline in physical and musculoskeletal function in older adults, which can result in decreased physical fitness and an increased risk of low back pain. Regular physical activity, such as elderly gymnastics, plays an important role in maintaining physical fitness. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical fitness levels and the degree of low back pain among older adults who participate in routine exercise. The study employed an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach involving 39 older adults who were members of the Healthy Heart Club. Physical fitness levels were measured using the 6-Minute Walk Test, which was converted into VO₂max values, while the degree of low back pain was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a normal level of physical fitness (21–32.9), accounting for 66.7%, and experienced mild low back pain (0–20%) at 82.1%. Fisher’s Exact Test indicated that there was no significant relationship between physical fitness levels and the degree of low back pain (p = 0.506). In conclusion, physical fitness level was not associated with the degree of low back pain among older adults who actively participated in routine exercise. Regular and structured exercise may improve lumbar vertebral stability through strengthening of the lower extremity and pelvic muscles, which collectively optimizes activation and mechanical force transfer in the lumbopelvic region.Bagian Atas Formulir Abstrak. Proses penuaan menyebabkan penurunan fungsi fisik dan muskuloskeletal pada lanjut usia, yang dapat berdampak pada penurunan kebugaran jasmani dan meningkatnya risiko terjadinya low back pain. Aktivitas fisik yang teratur, seperti senam lansia, berperan dalam mempertahankan kebugaran jasmani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan tingkat kebugaran jasmani dengan derajat low back pain pada lansia yang mengikuti senam rutin. Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional pada 39 lansia anggota Klub Jantung Sehat. Tingkat kebugaran jasmani diukur menggunakan 6-Minute Walk Test yang dikonversi menjadi nilai VO₂max, sedangkan derajat low back pain dinilai menggunakan Oswestry Disability Index. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memiliki kebugaran jasmani kategori normal (21-32,9) sebesar 66,7 % dan mengalami low back pain ringan (0-20%) sebesar 82,1% pada lanjut usia. Uji Fisher Exact menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat kebugaran jasmani dan derajat low back pain (p = 0,506). Simpulan pada penelitian ini, tingkat kebugaran jasmani tidak berhubungan dengan derajat low back pain pada lansia yang aktif mengikuti senam rutin. Senam rutin dan teratur dapat meningkatkan stabilitas vertebralis lumbal melalui penguatan otot ekstremitas bawah dan panggul, yang secara kolektif mengoptimalkan aktivasi serta transfer gaya mekanis pada regio lumbopelvik. Kata Kunci: Kebugaran jasmani, Low Back Pain, Lanjut Usia