Governing Sustainable Tourism of Small Islands in Makassar, Indonesia and the Visayas, Philippines

The tourism industry in Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia and the Philippines, is growing rapidly. This research analyzes sustainable tourism management on small islands in Makassar, Indonesia, and the Visayas, Philippines. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach carried out by a literature study. The results showed that Visayas has a more advanced ecotourism management system with strict regulations related to environmental protection, implementation of zero-waste programs, and strengthening community participation in community-based ecotourism. On the other hand, Makassar City still faces challenges in tourism management, especially in aspects of environmental conservation, equitable distribution of economic benefits, and the development of infrastructure and facilities that support tourism sustainability. The level of environmental awareness among communities and tourists in Visayas is higher compared to Makassar, which is influenced by conservation education programs and the active participation of local communities. Therefore, this study recommends improving environmental regulations, developing community-based ecotourism, and optimizing tourism infrastructure in Makassar so that the tourism sector can develop sustainably. Future research can explore the best policy models in island tourism management, long-term impacts on ecosystems, and the use of technology in improving tourism sustainability in coastal and island areas.