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Bamboo Specialization by Amazonian Birds1

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ABSTRACTSpot‐mapping of territories was used to document the restriction of nineteen bird species to thickets of bamboo (Guadua weberbaueri) in lowland forests in southeastern Peru. These species were defined as bamboo specialists. An additional seven species showed a preference for such thickets, but also used other habitats. These results correspond with previous, qualitative descriptions of the habitat preferences of bamboo specialists. At least four specialists are restricted to thickets throughout their entire geographic range (obligate bamboo specialists); another nine specialists may use other habitats sparingly away from southeastern Peru (near‐obligate bamboo specialists); the remaining six species are frequent users of habitats lacking bamboo away from southeastern Peru (facultative bamboo specialists). The nonbamboo habitats used by the 13 near‐obligate and facultative specialists are predominantly dense habitats with low canopy cover, including treefall gaps and early successional vegetation along rivers. The obligate and nearobligate specialists generally have small geographic ranges centered in southwestern Amazonia; a few have sister taxa in southeastern Brazil that are also bamboo specialists suggesting a common evolutionary history. The facultative specialists are generally more widespread. Bamboo specialists are more abundant in bamboo habitats than are other bird species in more generalized habitats.RESUMENA través de un trazado de mapas de territorios de aves, de tierra baja en un sitio del sureste del Perú, 19 especies de aves fueron definidas como especies restringidas a matorrales de bambú (Guadua weberbaueri). Aquellas especies fueron identificadas como “especialistas de bambú.” Siete especies adicionales demostraron una preferencia por tales matorrales de bamblú, pero también utilizaron otros habitats. Estos resultados corresponden a descripciónes previas y cualitativas, que heron hechas sobre las preferencias de habitat entre las especialistas de bambú. No menos de cuatro especialistas son restringidas a matorrales a través de la extensión geogáfica (usuarios obligatorios de bambú); otras nueve especialistas pueden utilizar escasamente otros habitats lejos del sureste del Perú (usuarios casi obligatorios de bambú); las ultimas seis especialistas son usuarios frecuentes de habitats sin bambú fuera del sureste del Perú (usuarios facultativos de bambú). Los habitats sin bambú utilizados por los 13 usuarios casi obligatorios y usarios facultativos generalmente fueron habitats más densos sin cubierta de arboles altos, incluyendo claros en el bosque y vegetación sucesional joven en las orillas de ríos. Los usuarios obligatorios y casi obligatorios generalmente tuvieron pequeñas extensiónes geográficas, entradas en el suroeste de la Amazonía. Algunas comparten taxa hermanas con especies que también son especialistas en el sureste de Brasil, lo cual indica una historia evolutiva en común. Los usuarios facultativos generalmente tienen distribuciones más amplias. Las abundancias de los especialistas en matorrales de bambú son relativamente más altas comparada a especies en habitats más generalizadas.
Title: Bamboo Specialization by Amazonian Birds1
Description:
ABSTRACTSpot‐mapping of territories was used to document the restriction of nineteen bird species to thickets of bamboo (Guadua weberbaueri) in lowland forests in southeastern Peru.
These species were defined as bamboo specialists.
An additional seven species showed a preference for such thickets, but also used other habitats.
These results correspond with previous, qualitative descriptions of the habitat preferences of bamboo specialists.
At least four specialists are restricted to thickets throughout their entire geographic range (obligate bamboo specialists); another nine specialists may use other habitats sparingly away from southeastern Peru (near‐obligate bamboo specialists); the remaining six species are frequent users of habitats lacking bamboo away from southeastern Peru (facultative bamboo specialists).
The nonbamboo habitats used by the 13 near‐obligate and facultative specialists are predominantly dense habitats with low canopy cover, including treefall gaps and early successional vegetation along rivers.
The obligate and nearobligate specialists generally have small geographic ranges centered in southwestern Amazonia; a few have sister taxa in southeastern Brazil that are also bamboo specialists suggesting a common evolutionary history.
The facultative specialists are generally more widespread.
Bamboo specialists are more abundant in bamboo habitats than are other bird species in more generalized habitats.
RESUMENA través de un trazado de mapas de territorios de aves, de tierra baja en un sitio del sureste del Perú, 19 especies de aves fueron definidas como especies restringidas a matorrales de bambú (Guadua weberbaueri).
Aquellas especies fueron identificadas como “especialistas de bambú.
” Siete especies adicionales demostraron una preferencia por tales matorrales de bamblú, pero también utilizaron otros habitats.
Estos resultados corresponden a descripciónes previas y cualitativas, que heron hechas sobre las preferencias de habitat entre las especialistas de bambú.
No menos de cuatro especialistas son restringidas a matorrales a través de la extensión geogáfica (usuarios obligatorios de bambú); otras nueve especialistas pueden utilizar escasamente otros habitats lejos del sureste del Perú (usuarios casi obligatorios de bambú); las ultimas seis especialistas son usuarios frecuentes de habitats sin bambú fuera del sureste del Perú (usuarios facultativos de bambú).
Los habitats sin bambú utilizados por los 13 usuarios casi obligatorios y usarios facultativos generalmente fueron habitats más densos sin cubierta de arboles altos, incluyendo claros en el bosque y vegetación sucesional joven en las orillas de ríos.
Los usuarios obligatorios y casi obligatorios generalmente tuvieron pequeñas extensiónes geográficas, entradas en el suroeste de la Amazonía.
Algunas comparten taxa hermanas con especies que también son especialistas en el sureste de Brasil, lo cual indica una historia evolutiva en común.
Los usuarios facultativos generalmente tienen distribuciones más amplias.
Las abundancias de los especialistas en matorrales de bambú son relativamente más altas comparada a especies en habitats más generalizadas.

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