Telaah Atas Konsep Khilafah Al-Mawardi (Studi Deskriptif Analisis)

<p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p>Al-Mawardi was a Muslim scholar who was very well known for his Islamic political theory long before Western scholars recognized it. But, its very seldom to know that Al-Mawardi is also a scholar who is very concerned about <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em>. So it is rare to find researcher who uncover the links between Al-Mawardi's political thought and <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em>. In fact, both are related well and aimed to create maslahat for humans. Therefore, this article tries to examine the concept of al-Mawardi’s caliphate with the <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em> approach. Based on deep library research, it is found that the foundations built by Al-Mawardi in his concept of khilafah were strongly influenced by his understanding of <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em>, it is <em>maqâshid al-imâmah</em> value, wasilah law, maslahat and mudharat rules, and textual contextual. So that he succeeded in formulating laws that were beneficial both in the world and in the hereafter in line with the substance of <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em>. Thus, Al-Mawardi is one of the Islamic political thinkers who integrated <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em> into his concept of political thought, especially in the book <em>al-Ahkâm al-Shulthâniyyah</em>..</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong>:</strong><em> </em>Al-Mawardi, khilafah, <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em>, value</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Al-Mawardi merupkan sarjana muslim yang sangat terkenal dengan teori politik Islamnya jauh-jauh hari sebelum sarjana-sarjana Barat mengenal politik. Akan tetapi jarang yang mengetahui bahwa ternyata Al-Mawardi juga merupakan sosok sarjana yang sangat perhatian terhadap <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em>. Sehingga jarang sekali ditemukan para peneliti yang berusaha mengungkap keterkaitan politik Al-Mawardi dengan <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em>. Padahal, antara politik dan <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em> sangat berkaitan, yaitu sama-sama bertujuan untuk mewujudkan maslahat bagi manusia. Karenanya, artikel ini mencoba mengkaji konsep khilafah al-Mawardi dengan pendekatan <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em>. Melalui kajian kepustakaan yang mendalam dan otoritatif, ditemukan bahwa pondasi yang dibangun oleh Al-Mawardi dalam konsep khilafahnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh pemahamannya terhadap <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em>, yaitu berupa nilai-nilai <em>maqâshid al-imâmah, </em>hukum wasilah, kaidah maslahat dan mudarat, serta tekstual dan kontekstual. Sehingga ia berhasil merumuskan hukum-hukum yang bermaslahat baik di dunia maupun di akhirat selaras dengan subtansi <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em>. Dengan demikian, Al-Mawardi merupakan salah satu pemikir politik Islam yang mengintegrasikan <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em> ke dalam konsep pemikiran politiknya, khususnya dalam kitab <em>al-Ahkâm al-Shulthâniyyah</em>.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: Al-Mawardi, khilafah, <em>maqâshid al-syarî‘ah</em>, nilai-nilai</p>