AEROPHONE HORNAI AS A VARIETY OF THE BASHKIR SHAWM GROUP

This article concerns the problems of reconstruction of national phono objects from the standpoint of ethnoorganology. The research object is the Bashkir aerophone hornai, which is a part of the clarinet-type shawm group and combines the main structural features of the Oriental zummara and the Slavic zhaleika. Hornai was first mentioned in 1867 at the All-Russian Ethnographic Exhibition and described in detail as “Bashkir Shepherd’s Horn”. The collection of the exhibition went down in history together with the name of V. A. Dashkov, ethnographer and patron of the arts, who donated 40 thousand rubles for the project. The scale of the exhibition today can only be judged from the 1909 publication “Illustrated Description of Musical Instruments Stored in the Dashkov Ethnographic Museum in Moscow: with 137 Drawings in the Text and 3 Tables” [2]. One of the articles under the number 150, entitled “Bashkir Shepherd’s Horn” served as a material for the reconstruction of the “horn”. Based on this document, in 2003 and 2005 Ufa masters A. Latypov and N. Starostin made author’s reconstructions of a single-reed and two-reed “horn”, and selected a conveniently performed repertoire from national melodies and tunes of kyska-kui varieties. More than twenty years of approbation in concert and educational folklore groups has shown that the reconstructed hornai is well received by the audience and has numerous followers.