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THE KING JAMES BIBLE AS NORM-MAKER: COSERIAN AND TRANSLATION THEORY PERSPECTIVES
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The King James Bible as Norm-Maker: Coserian and Translation Theory Perspectives. This͏͏ paper͏͏ analyses͏͏ the͏͏ King͏͏ James͏͏ Version͏͏ (KJV)͏͏ of͏͏ the͏͏ Bible͏͏ as͏͏ a͏͏ central͏͏ site͏͏ for͏͏ the͏͏ creation͏͏ and͏͏ negotiation͏͏ of͏͏ linguistic͏͏ norms͏͏ in͏͏ the͏͏ history͏͏ of͏͏ English,͏͏ foregrounding͏͏ the͏͏ theoretical͏͏ insights͏͏ of͏͏ Eugeniu͏͏ Coșeriu on͏͏ linguistic͏͏ competence͏͏ and͏͏ normativity.͏͏ By͏͏ integrating͏͏ his framework͏͏ with͏͏ Gideon͏͏ Toury’s͏͏ norm͏͏ theory͏͏ from͏͏ Descriptive͏͏ Translation͏͏ Studies͏͏ and͏͏ Lawrence͏͏ Venuti’s͏͏ account͏͏ of͏͏ translation͏͏ as͏͏ a͏͏ culturally͏͏ productive͏͏ practice,͏͏ the͏͏ article͏͏ contends͏͏ that͏͏ the͏͏ KJV͏͏ operated͏͏ simultaneously͏͏ as͏͏ both͏͏ a͏͏ transmitter͏͏ of͏͏ biblical͏͏ content͏͏ and͏͏ a͏͏ generative͏͏ force͏͏ for͏͏ new͏͏ idiomatic͏͏ and͏͏ stylistic͏͏ patterns͏͏ in͏͏ English.͏͏ The͏͏ analysis͏͏ situates͏͏ the͏͏ KJV͏͏ within͏͏ its͏͏ seventeenth-century͏͏ English context͏͏ and͏͏ demonstrates͏͏ that͏͏ translation͏͏ is͏͏ an͏͏ activity͏͏ capable͏͏ of͏͏ forming͏͏ and͏͏ institutionalising͏͏ linguistic͏͏ norms,͏͏ rather͏͏ than͏͏ a͏͏ simple͏͏ reproductive͏͏ act.͏͏ Through͏͏ three͏͏ case͏͏ studies͏͏ of͏͏ idiomatic͏͏ expressions͏͏ and͏͏ the additional analysis of syntactic͏͏ and stylistic features,͏͏ the͏͏ present͏͏ work shows͏͏ how͏͏ the͏͏ KJV’s͏͏ legacy͏͏ is͏͏ best͏͏ understood͏͏ as͏͏ the͏͏ result͏͏ of͏͏ creative,͏͏ institutionally͏͏ mediated͏͏ processes͏͏ that͏͏ continue͏͏ to͏͏ inform͏͏ English͏͏ linguistic͏͏ conventions.͏͏ Coșeriu’s͏͏ concept͏͏ of͏͏ normativity͏͏ is͏͏ shown͏͏ to͏͏ be͏͏ helpful͏͏ for͏͏ understanding͏͏ how͏͏ translation͏͏ practices͏͏ can͏͏ lead͏͏ to͏͏ the͏͏ emergence͏͏ and͏͏ codification͏͏ of͏͏ new͏͏ language͏͏ patterns.͏͏ The͏͏ article͏͏ concludes͏͏ that͏͏ the͏͏ KJV͏͏ exemplifies͏͏ the͏͏ productive,͏͏ norm-generating͏͏ potential͏͏ of͏͏ translation͏͏ and͏͏ affirms͏͏ the͏͏ continued͏͏ relevance͏͏ of͏͏ Coșeriu’s͏͏ theoretical͏͏ perspective͏͏ in͏͏ the͏͏ study͏͏ of͏͏ linguistic͏͏ and͏͏ translational͏͏ phenomena.
REZUMAT. Biblia King James, forță creatoare de norme: Perspective coșeriene și perspective traductologice. Acest͏͏ articol͏͏ analizează͏͏ Biblia King James ca͏͏ spațiu͏͏ central͏͏ al creării și͏͏ negocierii normelor͏͏ lingvistice͏͏ în͏͏ istoria͏͏ limbii͏͏ engleze,͏͏ punând͏͏ accent͏͏ pe͏͏ contribuțiile͏͏ teoretice͏͏ ale͏͏ lui͏͏ Eugeniu Coșeriu͏͏ privind͏͏ competența͏͏ lingvistică͏͏ și͏͏ normativitatea.͏͏ Prin͏͏ integrarea͏͏ cadrului͏͏ coșerian͏͏ cu͏͏ teoria͏͏ normei͏͏ din Descriptive Translation Studies (Studii traductologice descriptive) propusă͏͏ de͏͏ Gideon͏͏ Toury͏͏ și͏͏ cu͏͏ abordarea͏͏ lui͏͏ Lawrence͏͏ Venuti͏͏ privind͏͏ traducerea͏͏ ca͏͏ practică͏͏ productivă͏͏ din͏͏ punct͏͏ de͏͏ vedere͏͏ cultural,͏͏ articolul͏͏ susține că͏͏ Biblia King͏͏ James͏͏ a͏͏ funcționat͏͏ atât͏͏ ca͏͏ mijloc de transmitere al͏ conținutului͏͏ biblic,͏͏ cât͏͏ și͏͏ ca͏͏ forță͏͏ generatoare de͏͏ noi͏͏ modele͏͏ idiomatice͏͏ și͏͏ stilistice͏͏ în͏͏ limba engleză.͏͏ Analiza͏͏ plasează͏͏ Biblia King James în͏͏ contextul͏͏ Angliei͏͏ secolului͏͏ al͏͏ XVII-lea͏͏ și͏͏ arată͏͏ că͏͏ traducerea͏͏ nu͏͏ este͏͏ un͏͏ simplu͏͏ act͏͏ reproductiv,͏͏ fiind mai degrabă o͏͏ activitate͏͏ capabilă͏͏ să͏͏ cristalizeze͏͏ și͏͏ instituționalizeze͏͏ norme͏͏ lingvistice.͏͏ Prin͏͏ analiza a trei studii͏͏ de͏͏ caz͏͏ referitoare la expresii idiomatice͏, precum și a unor trăsături sintactice și stilistice,͏͏ lucrarea de față demonstrează͏͏ că͏͏ moștenirea͏͏ Bibliei King James trebuie͏͏ înțeleasă͏͏ ca͏͏ rezultatul͏͏ unor͏͏ procese͏͏ creative͏͏ și͏͏ instituționale͏͏ care͏͏ încă influențează convențiile͏͏ lingvistice͏͏ ale͏͏ limbii engleze.͏͏ Conceptul͏͏ de͏͏ normativitate͏͏, în accepțiunea coșeriană, se͏͏ dovedește͏͏ a fi util pentru͏͏ înțelegerea͏͏ modului͏͏ în͏͏ care͏͏ practicile͏͏ de͏͏ traducere͏͏ pot͏͏ genera͏͏ și͏͏ codifica͏͏ noi͏͏ modele͏͏ de͏͏ limbaj.͏͏ Articolul͏͏ concluzionează͏͏ că͏͏ Biblia King James exemplifică͏͏ potențialul͏͏ productiv͏͏ și͏͏ normativ͏͏ al͏͏ traducerii͏͏ și͏͏ afirmă͏͏ relevanța͏͏ continuă͏͏ a͏͏ perspectivei͏͏ teoretice͏͏ coșeriene͏͏ în͏͏ studiul͏͏ fenomenelor͏͏ lingvistice și traductologice.
Cuvinte-cheie: Biblia King James, Coșeriu, norme lingvistice, teoria traducerii, standardizarea limbii engleze.
Article history: Received 15 July 2025; Revised 1 September 2025; Accepted 22 January 2026; Available online 30 March 2026; Available print 30 April 2026.
Title: THE KING JAMES BIBLE AS NORM-MAKER: COSERIAN AND TRANSLATION THEORY PERSPECTIVES
Description:
The King James Bible as Norm-Maker: Coserian and Translation Theory Perspectives.
This͏͏ paper͏͏ analyses͏͏ the͏͏ King͏͏ James͏͏ Version͏͏ (KJV)͏͏ of͏͏ the͏͏ Bible͏͏ as͏͏ a͏͏ central͏͏ site͏͏ for͏͏ the͏͏ creation͏͏ and͏͏ negotiation͏͏ of͏͏ linguistic͏͏ norms͏͏ in͏͏ the͏͏ history͏͏ of͏͏ English,͏͏ foregrounding͏͏ the͏͏ theoretical͏͏ insights͏͏ of͏͏ Eugeniu͏͏ Coșeriu on͏͏ linguistic͏͏ competence͏͏ and͏͏ normativity.
͏͏ By͏͏ integrating͏͏ his framework͏͏ with͏͏ Gideon͏͏ Toury’s͏͏ norm͏͏ theory͏͏ from͏͏ Descriptive͏͏ Translation͏͏ Studies͏͏ and͏͏ Lawrence͏͏ Venuti’s͏͏ account͏͏ of͏͏ translation͏͏ as͏͏ a͏͏ culturally͏͏ productive͏͏ practice,͏͏ the͏͏ article͏͏ contends͏͏ that͏͏ the͏͏ KJV͏͏ operated͏͏ simultaneously͏͏ as͏͏ both͏͏ a͏͏ transmitter͏͏ of͏͏ biblical͏͏ content͏͏ and͏͏ a͏͏ generative͏͏ force͏͏ for͏͏ new͏͏ idiomatic͏͏ and͏͏ stylistic͏͏ patterns͏͏ in͏͏ English.
͏͏ The͏͏ analysis͏͏ situates͏͏ the͏͏ KJV͏͏ within͏͏ its͏͏ seventeenth-century͏͏ English context͏͏ and͏͏ demonstrates͏͏ that͏͏ translation͏͏ is͏͏ an͏͏ activity͏͏ capable͏͏ of͏͏ forming͏͏ and͏͏ institutionalising͏͏ linguistic͏͏ norms,͏͏ rather͏͏ than͏͏ a͏͏ simple͏͏ reproductive͏͏ act.
͏͏ Through͏͏ three͏͏ case͏͏ studies͏͏ of͏͏ idiomatic͏͏ expressions͏͏ and͏͏ the additional analysis of syntactic͏͏ and stylistic features,͏͏ the͏͏ present͏͏ work shows͏͏ how͏͏ the͏͏ KJV’s͏͏ legacy͏͏ is͏͏ best͏͏ understood͏͏ as͏͏ the͏͏ result͏͏ of͏͏ creative,͏͏ institutionally͏͏ mediated͏͏ processes͏͏ that͏͏ continue͏͏ to͏͏ inform͏͏ English͏͏ linguistic͏͏ conventions.
͏͏ Coșeriu’s͏͏ concept͏͏ of͏͏ normativity͏͏ is͏͏ shown͏͏ to͏͏ be͏͏ helpful͏͏ for͏͏ understanding͏͏ how͏͏ translation͏͏ practices͏͏ can͏͏ lead͏͏ to͏͏ the͏͏ emergence͏͏ and͏͏ codification͏͏ of͏͏ new͏͏ language͏͏ patterns.
͏͏ The͏͏ article͏͏ concludes͏͏ that͏͏ the͏͏ KJV͏͏ exemplifies͏͏ the͏͏ productive,͏͏ norm-generating͏͏ potential͏͏ of͏͏ translation͏͏ and͏͏ affirms͏͏ the͏͏ continued͏͏ relevance͏͏ of͏͏ Coșeriu’s͏͏ theoretical͏͏ perspective͏͏ in͏͏ the͏͏ study͏͏ of͏͏ linguistic͏͏ and͏͏ translational͏͏ phenomena.
REZUMAT.
Biblia King James, forță creatoare de norme: Perspective coșeriene și perspective traductologice.
Acest͏͏ articol͏͏ analizează͏͏ Biblia King James ca͏͏ spațiu͏͏ central͏͏ al creării și͏͏ negocierii normelor͏͏ lingvistice͏͏ în͏͏ istoria͏͏ limbii͏͏ engleze,͏͏ punând͏͏ accent͏͏ pe͏͏ contribuțiile͏͏ teoretice͏͏ ale͏͏ lui͏͏ Eugeniu Coșeriu͏͏ privind͏͏ competența͏͏ lingvistică͏͏ și͏͏ normativitatea.
͏͏ Prin͏͏ integrarea͏͏ cadrului͏͏ coșerian͏͏ cu͏͏ teoria͏͏ normei͏͏ din Descriptive Translation Studies (Studii traductologice descriptive) propusă͏͏ de͏͏ Gideon͏͏ Toury͏͏ și͏͏ cu͏͏ abordarea͏͏ lui͏͏ Lawrence͏͏ Venuti͏͏ privind͏͏ traducerea͏͏ ca͏͏ practică͏͏ productivă͏͏ din͏͏ punct͏͏ de͏͏ vedere͏͏ cultural,͏͏ articolul͏͏ susține că͏͏ Biblia King͏͏ James͏͏ a͏͏ funcționat͏͏ atât͏͏ ca͏͏ mijloc de transmitere al͏ conținutului͏͏ biblic,͏͏ cât͏͏ și͏͏ ca͏͏ forță͏͏ generatoare de͏͏ noi͏͏ modele͏͏ idiomatice͏͏ și͏͏ stilistice͏͏ în͏͏ limba engleză.
͏͏ Analiza͏͏ plasează͏͏ Biblia King James în͏͏ contextul͏͏ Angliei͏͏ secolului͏͏ al͏͏ XVII-lea͏͏ și͏͏ arată͏͏ că͏͏ traducerea͏͏ nu͏͏ este͏͏ un͏͏ simplu͏͏ act͏͏ reproductiv,͏͏ fiind mai degrabă o͏͏ activitate͏͏ capabilă͏͏ să͏͏ cristalizeze͏͏ și͏͏ instituționalizeze͏͏ norme͏͏ lingvistice.
͏͏ Prin͏͏ analiza a trei studii͏͏ de͏͏ caz͏͏ referitoare la expresii idiomatice͏, precum și a unor trăsături sintactice și stilistice,͏͏ lucrarea de față demonstrează͏͏ că͏͏ moștenirea͏͏ Bibliei King James trebuie͏͏ înțeleasă͏͏ ca͏͏ rezultatul͏͏ unor͏͏ procese͏͏ creative͏͏ și͏͏ instituționale͏͏ care͏͏ încă influențează convențiile͏͏ lingvistice͏͏ ale͏͏ limbii engleze.
͏͏ Conceptul͏͏ de͏͏ normativitate͏͏, în accepțiunea coșeriană, se͏͏ dovedește͏͏ a fi util pentru͏͏ înțelegerea͏͏ modului͏͏ în͏͏ care͏͏ practicile͏͏ de͏͏ traducere͏͏ pot͏͏ genera͏͏ și͏͏ codifica͏͏ noi͏͏ modele͏͏ de͏͏ limbaj.
͏͏ Articolul͏͏ concluzionează͏͏ că͏͏ Biblia King James exemplifică͏͏ potențialul͏͏ productiv͏͏ și͏͏ normativ͏͏ al͏͏ traducerii͏͏ și͏͏ afirmă͏͏ relevanța͏͏ continuă͏͏ a͏͏ perspectivei͏͏ teoretice͏͏ coșeriene͏͏ în͏͏ studiul͏͏ fenomenelor͏͏ lingvistice și traductologice.
Cuvinte-cheie: Biblia King James, Coșeriu, norme lingvistice, teoria traducerii, standardizarea limbii engleze.
Article history: Received 15 July 2025; Revised 1 September 2025; Accepted 22 January 2026; Available online 30 March 2026; Available print 30 April 2026.
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