A study of the modulation of Gyemyeonjo in Pansori

This study examined the modulation of Gyemyeonjo in <Simcheongga> by Han Ae-soon. The Gyemyeonjo of 12 songs were examined to explore the types of modulation and how they work. A brief summary of the results is as follows: First, the types of modulation were divided into perfect 5th degree above, perfect 4th degree above, major 3rd degree below, and diminished 3rd degree below. Among these, major 3rd degree below and diminished 3rd degree below are techniques first discovered in <Simcheongga> by Han Ae-soon and have unique properties. Next, three main characteristics appeared in the modulation method. First, Gyemyeonjo modulation was largely divided into “pivot not modulation,” which attempts to change with a common tone as a medium, and “direct modulation,” which does not use a common tone as a medium. Third, although the tones selected from the original key differ depending on the type of modulation, they move to the target key mi or la, regardless of which tone is selected. Finally, after comparing the pattern of modulation in Han Ae-soon's <Simcheongga> with the version of Jeonggeon-jin belonging to the same Seopyeonje, certain similarities and differences in the types, preferences, and methods of modulation could be observed. Through this, an examination of the modulation of Gyemyeonjo was considered to be an effective means of revealing the relationships of various pansori.