Cumhuriyet Döneminin Muhalif Siması Kazım Karabekir -Din, Toplum ve Eğitim Görüşleri-

The Opposition Figure of the Republican PeriodrnKâzım KarabekirrnThis study examines the position and thoughts of Kâzım KarabekirrnPasha, who made significant contributions to the victoryrnof the War of Independence and the establishment of thernRepublic of Turkey, in certain discussions on religion-staternrelations before and after the Republic. Certain difficultiesrnundoubtedly arose in laying the foundations of the Republic, arnnew regime, and in presenting it to the Turkish society. Therntraditional and conservative structure of the Turkish societyrncomes first among these difficulties. Some innovative ideasrnthat came to the agenda with the Republic caused variousrndiscussions in terms of showing the state authority’s view ofrnreligion. Kâzım Karabekir, who was among the military cadrernthat governed the state, opposed Mustafa Kemal Atatürk andrnhis close circle with his unique thoughts and attitudes bothrnbefore and after the Republic. As a result of this opposition,rnthe official understanding of history sometimes declared Karabekirrnpersona non grata. He was occasionally accused of beingrnreactionary and pro-Sharia because he opposed certain secularrnviews that reflected the state’s view of religion, especially afterrnthe Republic. In this respect, Kâzım Karabekir’s attitude andrnstance towards certain developments that can be evaluatedrnunder the heading of religion-state relations has not madernobjective evaluations possible due to the official ideology. Karabekir’srnoppositional personality is criticized ideologically byrna certain group, and he is glorified by a certain group for thernsame reasons as an alternative personality against the officialrnunderstanding of history and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. In thisrnrespect, Kâzım Karabekir’s thoughts on religion, society andrneducation are important in terms of reflecting the backgroundrnof his oppositional personality. In this direction, the study wasrnprepared by using the document review method, primarily byrnscanning the works written by Kâzım Karabekir, historical andrnpolitical documents belonging to that period, memoirs ofrnpeople related to the subject, news reflected in the press andrnrelevant academic literature. When the discussions that tookrnplace during this period are examined, it is understood thatrnKâzım Karabekir’s oppositional attitudes did not really stemrnfrom a conservative and reactionary character structure asrnclaimed. In order to keep the new regime alive due to thernpolitical conjuncture, any criticism and objection was met withrnharsh reactions and those who made these criticisms werernlabeled as anti-innovation, traditionalist and conservative.rnKeywords: Kâzım Karabekir, Religion, Society, Education,rnReligion-State Relations, Opposition