Penerapan Tanggungjawab Perdata terhadap Pelaku Pembalakan Liar

Abstract. Illegal logging is an act prohibited in the Indonesian legal system because it is contrary to the principles of environmental protection and sustainable development as stated in Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Although it has been regulated in various laws and regulations, the practice of illegal logging still occurs and causes ecological damage and socio-economic impacts, especially in the foothills of Mount Salak, Sukabumi Regency. This condition indicates a gap between legal regulations and their application in practice, especially in enforcing civil liability as a means of environmental restoration. This study aims to analyze the legal regulations on the liability of perpetrators of illegal logging and the application of civil liability to these acts. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The results of the study indicate that illegal logging fulfills the elements of an unlawful act and gives rise to civil liability in the form of compensation and environmental restoration obligations based on the principles of liability based on fault and strict liability. However, the application of civil liability cannot be implemented effectively because the perpetrators of illegal logging have not been found, so that the compensation and environmental restoration mechanisms cannot be realized optimally. Abstrak. Pembalakan liar merupakan perbuatan yang dilarang dalam sistem hukum Indonesia karena bertentangan dengan prinsip perlindungan lingkungan hidup dan pembangunan berkelanjutan sebagaimana ditegaskan dalam Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Meskipun telah diatur dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, praktik pembalakan liar masih terjadi dan menimbulkan kerusakan ekologis serta dampak sosial ekonomi, khususnya di kawasan kaki Gunung Salak, Kabupaten Sukabumi. Kondisi ini menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara pengaturan hukum dan penerapannya dalam praktik, terutama dalam penegakan tanggung jawab perdata sebagai sarana pemulihan lingkungan hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaturan hukum tanggung jawab pelaku pembalakan liar serta penerapan tanggung jawab perdata terhadap perbuatan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembalakan liar memenuhi unsur perbuatan melawan hukum dan menimbulkan tanggung jawab perdata berupa kewajiban ganti rugi dan pemulihan lingkungan berdasarkan prinsip liability based on fault dan strict liability. Namun, penerapan tanggung jawab perdata belum dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif karena pelaku pembalakan liar belum ditemukan, sehingga mekanisme ganti rugi dan pemulihan lingkungan hidup belum dapat direalisasikan secara optimal.