Economie mondiale : la croissance difficile

The article presents a medium-term projection of the world economy carried out with MIMOSA, a model jointly built and teamed by CEPII and OFCE. The 1991-1992 period represents a break after the 80' s sharp growth impulsed by the oil counter-shock. The slow-down, which took place first in the United-States and the United-Kingdom, reached Continental Europe a year later, and is now effective in Japan. In the 1992-1993 period, the recovery will be soft : OECD growth will raise from 0,9 % in 1991 to 1,7% in 1992, and will reach 2,9% in 1993. In the United-States, the lack of fiscal support will limit the recovery, and the stimulating monetary policy will only have a small impact on consumption : households would reduce their debt burden rather than increase their consumption expenditures. Growth will reach 1,9 % in 1992 and 2,7 % in 1993. As direct effects of the German Unification will be over, measures to finance the former East Germany rebuilding and a restrictive monetary policy will keep on slowing German growth and hence the European one in 1992 and 1993. European growth will reach 1,6 % in 1992 and 29 in 1993. Inflation rates will be rather moderate in EEC countries except for the German one because of persistent wages pressures. The inflation rate will settle down to about 3 % in France whereas inflation rate will reach 4,5 % in 1992 and 4,1 % in 1993 in West Germany. There will be no major inflationary pressure in the United-States. In the middle run growth will lack driving forces The average annual growth rate will be 2,7 % for OECD countries from 1992 to 1997, of which 3,4 % in Japan 2,7 % in EEC and 2,5 % in the United-States, growth will cope with supply constraints in the United-States, Japan and Germany whereas in countries where unemployment is high (such as France, Italy and the United-Kindgom) economic policies will remain under the constraint of reaching external balance and/or public finance targets.