PUSTELNIK (MARKI-PUSTELNIK OR MARKI)

Pre-1939: Pustelnik (village), Marki (village), Warsaw województwo, Poland; 1939–1945: Kreis Warschau-Land, Distrikt Warschau, Generalgouvernement; post-1998: Pustelnik (suburb of Marki), town, województwo mazowieckie, Poland Prior to World War II, Pustelnik was a village in the Marki gmina. At that time, Marki was a larger village nearby. The Jewish communities of Pustelnik and Marki, residing along the Radzymin-Warsaw road, about 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) north-northeast of Warsaw, considered themselves as a single community. Marki was the center of community life, as it was the older Jewish settlement and the rabbi’s seat. According to the 1921 census, there were 156 Jews living in Marki (total population 2,529) and 368 in Pustelnik (total population 1,956). The Germans established a ghetto in 1940 that was constructed for all the Jews of the Marki gmina. According to survivor Szlama Kutnowski, the Germans established a system of labor conscription following the occupation of Mar...