Visual Satire in Editorial Cartoons in Nepali Newspapers

Print journalism’s evolution began with groundbreaking technological advancements. The invention of movable type by Bi Sheng in China around 1040 AD revolutionized printing. The study examined the role and impact of visual satire in editorial cartoons published in Nepali newspapers, specifically Kantipur and Naya Patrika. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates quantitative content analysis, qualitative thematic analysis, and expert interviews to explore how editorial cartoons utilize satire to comment on political and social issues. A total of 23 cartoons were analyzed, with 16 from Kantipur and 7 from Naya Patrika, covering the period from 2080 Poush 27 to 2080 Falgun 2. Additionally, qualitative expert interviews with prominent cartoonists provided deeper insights into their creative processes and perspectives on satire. The study revealed that both publications use satire predominantly to critique political figures and societal norms. Kantipur is characterized by its use of irony and monochromatic shades, while Naya Patrika features vibrant colors and symbolism. The study also examined how beauty consciousness affects the visual composition and audience reception of cartoons, highlighting how aesthetic considerations enhance the impact of satire. Editorial cartoons are not created in isolation but are influenced by the political and economic affiliations of the media outlets they appear in. Many newspapers have political alignments or connections with interest groups, which affects how issues are framed. Cartoonists, whether knowingly or unknowingly, may contribute to propaganda by reflecting the editorial stance of their media outlets. The framing of news stories and the media’s political leanings shape the content of the cartoons, often pushing specific agendas. The findings underscore the importance of editorial cartoons in shaping public discourse, challenging authority, and advocating for social change in Nepal.