Enhancing Nutraceutical Bioavailability with Bilosomes: A Comprehensive Review

Nutraceuticals, encompassing vitamins, minerals, and dietary supplements, play a pivotal role in promoting health and wellness. However, their therapeutic efficacy is often hindered by poor bioavailability. Bilosomes, a burgeoning lipid-based nanocarrier, have emerged as a promising solution to overcome this challenge. This comprehensive review explores the potential of bilosomes as carriers for enhancing the bioavailability of nutraceuticals, shedding light on their formulation, characterization, mechanisms of action, safety considerations, and future prospects. The review begins by delineating the significance of nutraceuticals in promoting well-being and discusses the obstacles associated with their delivery. It subsequently introduces bilosomes, lipid vesicles equipped with bile salts, and elucidates their advantages over traditional delivery systems. A comparative analysis with other lipid-based carriers underscores the unique attributes that make bilosomes an attractive choice for nutraceutical delivery. A deeper dive into bilosome formulation and characterization provides insights into lipid composition, encapsulation techniques, and physicochemical characterization methods. Factors influencing bilosome stability and bioavailability, including size, surface charge, and interactions with physiological barriers, are comprehensively reviewed. Safety and toxicological considerations related to bilosome-based nutraceutical delivery are meticulously examined, drawing from preclinical and clinical studies. Regulatory aspects pertinent to bilosome incorporation in nutraceutical products are outlined. Future perspectives delve into emerging trends, formulation challenges, and the potential for personalized nutrition with bilosomes. In conclusion, this review underscores the transformative potential of bilosomes in enhancing nutraceutical bioavailability, opening new vistas in the field of personalized nutrition and health promotion.