Naringenin Loaded topical Nano bilosome formulation in-vitro Characterization and optimization using Box-Behnken Design

Naringenin is a natural flavonoid known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,& antimicrobial activities. However topical delivery is limited due to poor aqueous solubility and low skin permeation. Nano-bilosomes are flexible vesicular carriers that enhance drug stability and skin penetration. In this study, naringenin-loaded topical nano-bilosomes developed and optimized using (BBD). Formulations were evaluated for vesicle size, entrapment efficiency, deformability, and in-vitro drug release. The optimized formulation demonstrated improved physicochemical characteristics and sustained drug release suitable for topical delivery applications.Naringenin Loaded topical Nano bilosome formulation in-vitro Characterization and optimization using Box-Behnken Design.The thin film hydration method was used to create bilosomes, and Box Behnken Design (BBD) was used to optimize them. Particle size, entrapment efficiency, and drug release were the responses of 17 formulations, while cholesterol, span 60, and sodium deoxycholate were the variables. Polydispersity index (PDI), vesicle size, zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (%EE), FTIR, DSC, TEM, and an in vitro drug release study were used to evaluate the improved bilosomes.to use the Egg Albumin Denaturation Assay to evaluate the anti-inflammatory study.The optimized bilosomes demonstrated 90.4% drug release, entrapment efficiency of 71.67 ± 0.42, and small vesicle size with PDI of 185.9 ± 0.53 nm. Vesicle shape and elasticity were shown by deformability tests and transmission electron microscopy.The methodology of the egg albumin denaturation assay focuses on anti-inflammatory techniques that can be applied to assess natural anti-inflammatory compounds. With only little adjustments to the normal dose and test drug, this approach is reliable, affordable, and simple to use.Using Box-Behnken Design, a topical nano-bilosome formulation loaded with naringenin was successfully designed and optimized in this study. Nanosized vesicles, great entrapment efficiency, improved deformability, and sustained drug release behavior were all displayed by the modified formulation.The incorporation of bile salts significantly improved vesicular flexibility and permeation potential compared to conventional vesicles. In-vitro characterization confirmed the stability and suitability of the nano-bilosomal system for topical delivery. Therefore, nano-bilosomes can be considered a promising carrier for improving the topical therapeutic efficacy of naringenin.