3D printing technology: Rethinking the approach to talar surgery; a literature review

Talar fractures account for less than 1% of all fractures, yet despite this low occurrence they represent a major reconstruction challenge for surgeons. While total talar replacements are seldom used, there are very few procedures that can simultaneously repair a damaged talus and allow the patient to retain adequate range of motion, joint stability, function and satisfaction. These factors have become the impetus for exploring the role of 3D printing as a relatively novel surgical intervention for reconstructing the talus. Specific indications for a 3D printed total talar replacement include severe osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis, and trauma especially in the setting of a juvenile patient. As a relatively new approach, there is still much to be explored in regards to creating a 3D printed talar prosthesis, and the utility of the technology would greatly benefit from further research and development. Based upon our initial review of seven different studies, the use of 3D printed talar implants, when surgically indicated, demonstrates promising results in increasing patient satisfaction and improving postsurgical outcomes when compared to more conventional methods of repair. Thus, 3D printed talar implants represent a potentially viable tool to be considered by surgeons for a more precise and patient outcome-driven solution following talar injury.