A hamis oklevelek helynévtörténeti forrásértékének meghatározásáról

On the Determination of the Source Value of Forged Charters for Historical Toponomastics Charters with an uncertain chronological status have multiple chronological layers from a linguistic perspective. Due to the circumstances of their creation and survival, the historical linguistic and historical onomastic source value of names included in them do not necessarily overlap; this means that it may be possible that the same name can be associated with different centuries as a source for studies in historical linguistics and historical onomastics. Therefore, one of the key steps in the linguistic exploration of charters with an uncertain chronological status (including forged charters) involves the examin¬¬ation of the source value of the charter separately for the purposes of historical linguistics and historical toponomastics: we assess the chronological features of the recording of the names (historical linguistic source value) only after the con¬sideration of the date of the inclusion of the names in the charter (i.e., historical onomastic source value). We may determine the historical toponomastic source value of forged charters mostly based on the principles of historical studies and diplomatics. This includes, for example, the consideration of litigations of abbeys or the study of the formulas of charters as well as the word use of the charter. With the growing number of charters of an uncertain status studied linguis¬tically, it has become clear that we need to further specify the assessment of the charters from the perspective of historical toponomastics completed based on these principles. In my paper, I study how we may establish the source value of particular toponyms from the perspective of historical onomastics using four forged charters of Saint Stephen (the charters of Bakonybél, Pécsvárad and two charters from Zalavár), while also relying on considerations rooted in history and diplomatics. In the first part, I show that irrespective of the fact that a name probably had not appeared in the original source of the forged charter, the places and names in question could already exist in the 11th century. In the second part, I provide examples that show that the sections of forged charters that have been designated as belonging to the 11th century mostly using the principles of diplo¬matics and history may also include such names the early use of which is question¬able.