Toleransi Menurut Jalaluddin al-Rumi dan Pengaruhnya dalam Tamadun Turki Uthmaniyah/ Tolerance According to Jalaluddin al-Rumi and His Influence in Ottoman Turkish Civilization

Jalaluddin al-Rumi was a Sufi scholar who was born in 1207 AD when the Seljuk Sultanate was ruling Anatolia. This kingdom then developed into the Ottoman Turkish Caliphate in 1299 AD in the hands of Osman I, the son of Ertugrul Ghazi who married Halime Hatun, the daughter of the Seljuk king. This study wants to relate the influence of Jalaluddin al-Rumi who taught in Anatolia all his life to shape the culture of Turkish society. This writing uses a qualitative research methodology through the method of content analysis. The results of the study show that the culture of tolerance applied by Jalaluddin al-Rumi has played a role in preparing the Ottoman Turkish Caliphate to be tolerant with the diversity of civilizations while building a glorious Islamic civilization. The Ottomans had used the Millet system which gave a voice to the Greek Orthodox, Armenian, Bulgarian and Jewish communities sheltered under the umbrella of the Caliphate. The Ottomans also became protectors and defenders of Islam because they controlled the three holy cities of Muslims, namely Makkah, Medina and Jerusalem (Palestine), and even provided fair treatment to all Muslims who visited for the Hajj and Umrah. This study explains what was taught by Jalaluddin al-Rumi regarding tolerance that contributed to the Ottoman Islamic civilization.