اکیسویں صدی کے جدید طبی مسائل اور قواعدِ فقہیہ: ایک تطبیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ: Modern Medical Issues of the 21st Century and Islamic Legal Maxims: An Applied and Analytical Study

The rapid advancements in medical science in the twenty-first century have introduced a wide range of complex and unprecedented issues that pose significant challenges to contemporary Islamic jurisprudence. These modern medical concerns—such as organ transplantation, artificial reproduction, genetic engineering, end-of-life decisions, and the use of advanced pharmaceuticals—require a careful and systematic evaluation in light of established juristic principles. This study aims to explore the application of Qawāʿid Fiqhiyyah (Islamic legal maxims) in addressing modern medical issues through a comparative and analytical approach.   The research highlights how foundational legal maxims serve as flexible and dynamic tools in deriving rulings for contemporary medical practices. By examining selected case studies, this paper evaluates the extent to which classical juristic frameworks can accommodate emerging biomedical developments while preserving the objectives of Sharīʿah (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah), particularly the protection of life, intellect, lineage, and dignity. This research ultimately underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between medical experts and Islamic jurists to develop well-grounded, ethically sound, and contextually appropriate solutions for emerging healthcare issues in the modern era.