Prevention and Resolution of Silicone Implant–Related Problems in Secondary Rhinoplasty Using a Cross-Linked Human Acellular Dermal Matrix

Background: Silicone implant augmentation rhinoplasty along with various tip plasties are commonly performed in Asian patients, but a revision rhinoplasty is frequently required because of various problems. Secondary rhinoplasties are often performed using silicone, dermofat, costal cartilage block, or diced rib cartilage, but often result in unsatisfactory outcomes. This study assessed the surgical outcomes and complications of cross-linked acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as an alternative biological substitute for silicone implant in secondary rhinoplasty. Methods: The authors prospectively studied 56 patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year among 104 patients who underwent secondary rhinoplasty in their clinic between January of 2015 and December of 2018. Silicone implant, capsule, and scar tissue removal; dorsal augmentation with ADM; and tip plasty using autogenous cartilage were performed for all of them. The results were assessed using the modified Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation, consisting of a 10-item questionnaire completed preoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and over 1 year postoperatively. Result: One infection and three cases of excessive resorption were noted, with no other major complications. The mean modified Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation score was 31.7 on preoperative evaluation, 77.3 at 6 months postoperatively, and 81.4 at 1 year postoperatively (mean difference, 45.6 and 49.7, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Various problems that occur after primary rhinoplasty using silicone implants can be resolved successfully with secondary rhinoplasty by dorsal augmentation using the cross-linked human ADM along with various nasal tip work using autogenous cartilage. Surgical outcome showed favorable resolution of contracture deformities, a low infection rate, firm fixation of the implant, good skin texture/thickness of the skin/soft-tissue envelope, and gain of desired height and dorsal line. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.