Efek Antihiperglikemik Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)

Abstract. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, requiring effective and safe long-term therapy. This study aimed to analyze the effect of yacon tuber ethanol extract on fasting blood glucose levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with T2DM. The study was conducted from May to November 2025 at the Pharmaceutical Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Islamic University of Bandung, using a post-test only with control group in vivo experimental design. The DMT2 model was induced through a combination of a high-fat diet, streptozotocin, and nicotinamide. The test animals were divided into six groups, namely normal control, negative control, three treatment groups of yacon tuber ethanol extract at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kgBW, and positive control (glibenclamide and simvastatin). Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using the GOD–POD enzymatic method. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference in fasting blood glucose levels between groups (p = 0.0002). A dose of 100 mg/kgBW showed the lowest fasting blood glucose level and was significantly different from the negative control, but not different from the positive control. Pearson's correlation test showed a strong negative relationship between the extract dose and fasting blood glucose levels. The conclusion of this study indicates that yacon tuber ethanol extract has potential as a natural antihyperglycemic agent in the DMT2 model. Abstrak. Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai oleh hiperglikemia akibat resistensi insulin dan disfungsi sel β pankreas, sehingga memerlukan terapi jangka panjang yang efektif dan aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ekstrak etanol umbi yakon terhadap kadar glukosa darah puasa pada tikus jantan galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) model DMT2. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Mei–November 2025 di Laboratorium Hewan Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Islam Bandung menggunakan desain eksperimental in vivo post-test only with control group. Model DMT2 diinduksi melalui kombinasi high-fat diet, streptozotocin, dan nicotinamide. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi enam kelompok, yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, tiga kelompok perlakuan ekstrak etanol umbi yakon dosis 50, 100, dan 200 mg/kgBB, serta kontrol positif (glibenklamid dan simvastatin). Kadar glukosa darah puasa diukur menggunakan metode enzimatik GOD–POD. Hasil uji one-way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna kadar glukosa darah puasa antarkelompok (p = 0,0002). Dosis 100 mg/kgBB menunjukkan kadar glukosa darah puasa terendah dan berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol negatif, namun tidak berbeda dengan kontrol positif. Uji korelasi Pearson menunjukkan hubungan negatif kuat antara dosis ekstrak dan kadar glukosa darah puasa. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol umbi yakon berpotensi sebagai agen antihiperglikemik alami pada model DMT2.