Reorientasi Metodologi Istinbāṭ Hukum Nadhlatul Ulama: dari Pendekatan Tekstual Menuju Respons Sosial-Kontekstual

This research examines the transformation of legal istinbāṭ methodology within Nadhlatul Ulama (NU) from a textual approach to a contextual-adoptive approach. The study focuses on the dynamics of methodological change in the Baḥtsul Masāʾil forum and the implementation of social fiqh as a manifestation of this transformation. By using a qualitative-descriptive approach and the perspective of the sociology of Islamic law, this study aims to analyze the factors that encourage transformation, form of methodological change, and their impact on the relevance of contemporary Islamic law. The research findings show that the transformation of istinbāṭ methodology in NU took place gradually through the integration of textual-contextual approaches, which was strengthened by the birth of the idea of social fiqh. The Baḥtsul Masāʾil forum plays a strategic role in implementing this adaptive approach, although it still faces epistemological and methodological challenges. The research recommends the need to strengthen the capacity of scholars in social analysis, revitalize the classical scientific tradition, and develop an integrative methodological framework to ensure the sustainability of the transformation of adaptive istinbāṭ methodological in the future.   Penelitian ini mengkaji transformasi metodologi istinbāṭ hukum di lingkungan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dari pendekatan tekstual menuju pendekatan kontekstual-adaptif. Fokus kajian diarahkan pada dinamika perubahan metodologis dalam forum Baḥtsul Masāʾil dan implementasi fikih sosial sebagai manifestasi transformasi tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dan perspektif sosiologi hukum Islam, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mendorong transformasi, bentuk-bentuk perubahan metodologis, serta dampaknya terhadap relevansi hukum Islam kontemporer. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi metodologi istinbāṭ di NU berlangsung secara gradual melalui integrasi pendekatan tekstual-kontekstual, yang diperkuat dengan lahirnya gagasan fikih sosial. Forum Baḥtsul Masāʾil berperan strategis dalam mengimplementasikan pendekatan adaptif ini, meskipun masih menghadapi tantangan epistemologis dan metodologis. Penelitian merekomendasikan perlunya penguatan kapasitas ulama dalam analisis sosial, revitalisasi tradisi keilmuan klasik, dan pengembangan kerangka metodologis integratif untuk menjamin keberlanjutan transformasi metodologi istinbāṭ yang adaptif di masa depan.