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Transcatheter and hybrid closure of muscular ventricular septal defects using the KONAR-MF™ occluder: a multicentre paediatric experience in India
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Abstract
Background:
The KONAR-MF™ occluder, with its flexible medium-profile design, has broadened the feasibility of transcatheter closure of muscular ventricular septal defects, particularly in infants.
Objective:
To assess feasibility, safety, techniques, and outcomes of muscular ventricular septal defect closure using the KONAR-MF™ occluder in a multicentre paediatric cohort.
Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted at three tertiary paediatric cardiac centres (2018–2024). Patient demographics, ventricular septal defect characteristics, procedural approaches, and follow-up outcomes were analysed. Device implantation was performed via retrograde, antegrade, transseptal, or hybrid approaches under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance.
Results:
Fifty patients (54 devices) were included (median age: 48 months [interquartile range 12–96]; weight: 12 kg [interquartile range 7.5–23]), including 14 infants (9 < 7 kg). Indications were failure to thrive (46%), heart failure (28%), recurrent infections (12%), and postoperative residual ventricular septal defect (14%). The mean ventricular septal defect size was 5.8 ± 2 mm. Median fluoroscopy time was 18 minutes (range: 3–71). Residual shunts were present in 18% immediately, reducing to 9% at one week and resolving by three months. Mild, transient tricuspid regurgitation occurred in 14%. Over a median 9-month follow-up (range 1–60), no cases of heart block or haemolysis occurred. One embolisation required surgical retrieval. Pulmonary artery pressure decreased significantly (37 ± 13.4 to 19 ± 3.8 mmHg,
p
< 0.001).
Conclusions:
Transcatheter closure of muscular ventricular septal defects with the KONAR-MF™ occluder is safe, effective, and versatile across paediatric age groups, including infants and postoperative cases. High success rates, minimal complications, and favourable short- to mid-term outcomes support its use in routine practice.
Title: Transcatheter and hybrid closure of muscular ventricular septal defects using the KONAR-MF™ occluder: a multicentre paediatric experience in India
Description:
Abstract
Background:
The KONAR-MF™ occluder, with its flexible medium-profile design, has broadened the feasibility of transcatheter closure of muscular ventricular septal defects, particularly in infants.
Objective:
To assess feasibility, safety, techniques, and outcomes of muscular ventricular septal defect closure using the KONAR-MF™ occluder in a multicentre paediatric cohort.
Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted at three tertiary paediatric cardiac centres (2018–2024).
Patient demographics, ventricular septal defect characteristics, procedural approaches, and follow-up outcomes were analysed.
Device implantation was performed via retrograde, antegrade, transseptal, or hybrid approaches under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance.
Results:
Fifty patients (54 devices) were included (median age: 48 months [interquartile range 12–96]; weight: 12 kg [interquartile range 7.
5–23]), including 14 infants (9 < 7 kg).
Indications were failure to thrive (46%), heart failure (28%), recurrent infections (12%), and postoperative residual ventricular septal defect (14%).
The mean ventricular septal defect size was 5.
8 ± 2 mm.
Median fluoroscopy time was 18 minutes (range: 3–71).
Residual shunts were present in 18% immediately, reducing to 9% at one week and resolving by three months.
Mild, transient tricuspid regurgitation occurred in 14%.
Over a median 9-month follow-up (range 1–60), no cases of heart block or haemolysis occurred.
One embolisation required surgical retrieval.
Pulmonary artery pressure decreased significantly (37 ± 13.
4 to 19 ± 3.
8 mmHg,
p
< 0.
001).
Conclusions:
Transcatheter closure of muscular ventricular septal defects with the KONAR-MF™ occluder is safe, effective, and versatile across paediatric age groups, including infants and postoperative cases.
High success rates, minimal complications, and favourable short- to mid-term outcomes support its use in routine practice.
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