Epidemiological Patterns and Characteristics of Animal Bite Cases in Sylhet, Bangladesh: A Retrospective Study of 6,565 Cases

Abstract Background Animal bites represent a significant public health concern due to the risk of injuries and transmission of zoonotic diseases such as Rabies, particularly in low and lower- middle-income countries (LMICs). Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of animal bite incidents is essential for improving the prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological patterns and characteristics of animal bite cases in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Methodology/Principal findings We conducted a retrospective analysis of 6,565 animal bite cases reported between January 1 and December 31, 2024, in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Data on demographic characteristics, type of biting animal, site of bite, and exposure category were collected and analyzed to determine associations using correlation analyses and chi-square tests. Among the victims, 3,917 (60%) were male and 2,648 (40%) were female and young adults aged 20–39 years comprised the largest group (39% of cases). The majority of cases (88.1%) originated from urban areas within Sylhet City Corporation. Cats were the leading cause of bites (56.6%), followed by dogs (35.0%) and monkeys (7.5%), suggesting a shift from the traditional dog-dominated pattern. The most frequently affected anatomical sites were the legs (50.3%) and hands (40.9%). Most exposures were classified as World Health Organization (WHO) Category II (98.2%). Bite incidents showed moderate seasonal variation, with peaks in spring and early autumn. A significant declining temporal trend was observed for monkey bites (R = −0.59, p = 0.044), whereas cat and dog bite patterns remained relatively stable throughout the year. Significant associations were identified between bite site and age group, as well as between biting animal and demographic characteristics ( p < 0.05). Conclusion/Significance These findings highlight the epidemiological patterns of animal bites in Sylhet and emphasize the need for strengthened public awareness, surveillance, and preventive strategies to reduce animal bite incidents and associated zoonotic disease risks. Synnopsis A large-scale retrospective analysis of 6,565 animal bite cases revealed a cat-dominant bite pattern (56.6%), contrasting with the traditional dog-dominant paradigm in South Asia. Young adults (20–39 years) and males (60%) were disproportionately affected, reflecting occupational and behavioral exposure risks. Urban residents (88.1%) accounted for the majority of cases, highlighting the growing public health burden of animal bites in rapidly urbanizing settings. The most frequently affected anatomical sites were the legs (50.3%) and hands (40.9%). Bite incidents showed moderate seasonal variation, with peaks in spring and early autumn. Category II exposures (98.2%) predominated, indicating a high burden of seemingly minor injuries that may be underestimated in rabies prevention strategies.