Sciatica (Gridhrasi): An Integrative Review of Modern Medical and Ayurvedic Literature with Dosha Correlation

Background: Sciatica is a prevalent cause of lumbosacral radicular pain, commonly resulting from nerve root compression and inflammation. Ayurveda describes a clinically comparable condition known as Gridhrasi, classified under Vata Nanatmaja Vyadhi. Objective: This review aims to critically integrate modern biomedical concepts of sciatica with classical Ayurvedic descriptions of Gridhrasi, with emphasis on functional correlations of Vata and Kapha Dosha. Methods: A narrative review of classical Ayurvedic texts and modern neurological and orthopedic literature was conducted. Functional correlation methodology was applied to interpret Dosha concepts in relation to contemporary neuroanatomy. Results: Modern medicine attributes sciatica to mechanical compression and neuroinflammation, whereas Ayurveda conceptualizes Gridhrasi as aggravated Vata, sometimes obstructed by Kapha (Avarana). Classical symptoms such as Ruk, Toda, Stambha, and Sakthikshepa Nigraha closely parallel modern neurological manifestations. Conclusion: Gridhrasi represents a functional analogue of sciatica. Dosha-based interpretations demonstrate conceptual convergence with contemporary neurobiological understanding and may support integrative research frameworks in neuromusculoskeletal disorders.