Special vowel types in the Karaidel subdialect of the Bashkir language northwestern dialect

This article presents the results of an experimental phonetic study of the specific vowels of the Karaidel subdialect of the northwestern dialect of the Bashkir language. The need to refine the phonetic system of dialects using instrumental analysis methods makes this work relevant. The aim of the study is to identify and acoustically describe complex vowels that do not fit into the traditional classification of monophthongs and diphthongs. The material for the study was audio recordings of the speech of native speakers, which were collected during the expeditions of 2022–2024 in the Karaidelsky and Askinsky districts of Republic of Bashkortostan. The research was carried out using methods adopted in the laboratory of experimental phonetic research named after V.M. Nadelyaev (Novosibirsk Phonological School of V.M. Nadelyaev). The main methods were auditory analysis and computer signal processing in the Speech Analyzer 3.0.1 program. Spectrograms, oscillograms and basic frequency graphs were presented as visual material. As a result of the study, two–component mononuclear vowels were discovered in the dialect for the first time - duphones [oa], [ae], [ie], [ao], [ea], which are allophones of the phonemes /a/, /i/, /a/. Their articulatory and acoustic characteristics were described: formant parameters, duration of components, pharyngalization and other additional articulatory features. Duphones are characterized by the presence of two different components within the same vocal core, for example, [o] and [a], [i] and [e], [s] and [a], etc. It was found that the vowel [oa], which was previously described as "labialized", is structurally A complex duphone is an allophone of the phoneme /a/. It is assumed that the formation of this sound could have been influenced by the Finno-Ugric substrate influence, as well as that additional components in other duphones perform a transitive function. The study for the first time proposed and justified the use of the term "duphone" in the context of Bashkir dialectology. The results of the study expand knowledge in the field of experimental phonetics of the Turkic languages and may be useful for comparative analysis of the languages of the Ural-Volga region.