Effects of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Vital, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Dogs Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia, following propofol induction, on selected physiological, hematological, and biochemical parameters in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery. Thirty client-owned dogs of different breeds and sexes were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (6 mg/kg IV) and maintained with either isoflurane (2–4%) or sevoflurane (4–6%) in 100% oxygen. Heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂), and body temperature were recorded before anesthesia, at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes during anesthesia, and 60 minutes after recovery. Hematological variables were evaluated at the same time points, while serum ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine concentrations were measured before anesthesia, at the 30th minute of anesthesia, and after recovery.Both anesthetic protocols were associated with decreases in body temperature and respiratory rate during anesthesia; however, these remained within acceptable physiological ranges. Reductions in leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume were observed in both groups and were considered most likely related to intraoperative fluid administration. Although urea concentrations were higher in the sevoflurane group at two sampling points, all biochemical parameters remained within reference limits. Overall, no clinically meaningful differences were identified between the two anesthetic protocols. These findings indicate that both isoflurane and sevoflurane can be safely used for maintenance anesthesia in dogs undergoing orthopedic procedures.