THE CHRONOLOGY OF SEQUENCING OF COMPLETE PLANT GENOMES

The beginning of the era of sequencing complete nuclear genomes of higher plants coincided with the beginning of the new millennium, and over the past quarter century, great progress has been made in terms of the number of sequenced plant genomes, of which there are already more than 5,000, belonging to approximately 2,000 species.. The same cannot be said about the quality of genome assembly, since the vast majority of currently sequenced genomes are essentially quasi-genomes with consensus nucleotide sequences as in the beginning of the century in the form of a mosaic assembly of sections of paired chromosomes. At the same time, the T2T (telomere-to-telomere) level of chromosome assembly achieved not so long ago, despite the fact that such genomes carry more genetic information distributed across individual chromosomes, including telomeres and centromeres, they retain a mosaic character. A decade ago, the first results on genomic sequences with phased assembly of haplotypes for plants appeared, representing a new level of knowledge about genomes, which makes it possible to trace the relationship between genotype and phenotype to a much greater extent. But so far, not many such genomes have been assembled. Over time, it became clear that one reference genome for any species does not correspond to the huge variety of DNA polymorphism, and then the pangenome of the species, followed by a super-pangenome of the genus appeared. However, not so many pangenomes or super-pangenomes have been composed yet, but there are already some based on the knowledge of phased diploid genomes of plants of different ploidy levels that have undergone functional diploidization. This article presents the evolutionary development of genome-wide research in the form of improved assemblies of nucleotide sequences, the feature of which is to mention only those plant genomes that corresponded to the achieved assembly level in each time period, but when a new threshold of "quality" of the genome is reached, only the genomes of the next assembly levels are given, and the genomes of previous levels that continue to be sequenced and further, they are already ignored.