Patterns and Relations in Small Ruminant Systems in Northern Jordan

Background: This study examines small ruminant production systems in Northern Jordan, where they play a crucial role in agriculture and support local livelihoods. Methods: A survey of 290 small ruminant holders was conducted from April 2022 to August 2023, employing descriptive and multivariate analyses using XLSTAT and TANAGRA software to explore socioeconomic traits, management practices and feeding strategies related to the production period of 2021. Result: The results showed that there was variability in small ruminant production systems. More than half of small ruminant holders utilized semi-extensive methods and focused on cash sales. Factors such as labor distribution, animal replacement strategies and housing practices differed among climate regions and governorates. The typological analysis revealed clusters of small ruminant holders based on criteria such as labor management (4% of small ruminant holders), animal replacement strategies (42%), market-oriented production systems (6%), extensive commercial sheep farming (30%) and experienced farmers with medium flock sizes (17%). This study provides valuable insights into the small ruminant production systems in Northern Jordan, informing future strategies for enhancing productivity and sustainability in the region.