COMPARATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SPRING WHEAT ON THE GRAY FOREST SOIL OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

The article considers the influence of different backgrounds and nutrition area on the yield of double-grain wheat (spelt) and soft wheat in the Republic of Tatarstan. The aim of the research is to study the reaction of new varieties of spring soft wheat and double-grain wheat (spelt) to area and background nutrition in the conditions of gray forest soil of the region. Field studies were carried out on the territory of LLC «Agrobiotechnopark» Kazan State Agrarian Uni-versity. The object of research was spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum) with varieties Ulyanovskaya 105 and Tulai-kovskaya Nadezhda and spelt wheat (Triticum diccocum) sample k-10456 (Collection sample VIR named after Vavi-lov ‘k-10456’) and variety Runo. In 2022, favourable meteorological conditions with sufficient soil moisture and mod-erate temperature regime were observed during the growing season of spring wheat. The total precipitation for this period was 158.9 mm (GTK-1.35 In 2023, the critical phases of growth and development of spring wheat took place under conditions of acutely dry weather, which was unfavourable for crop formation (GTC for vegetation 0.8). On average, when reducing the feeding area by increasing the number of seeds sown per 1 ha from 4 to 7 million, there was an increase in the number of sprouts in both soft and spelt wheat. On the background without fertiliser (control) in the variety Ulyanovskaya 105 the number of sprouts increased from 343 to 526 pieces/m2, and on the fertilised vari-ant - from 340 to 527 pieces/m2, and in the variety Tulaikovskaya Nadezhda increased from 336-520 to 334-516 pieces/m2 respectively. On the background with the application of calculated rates of fertilisers, an increase in yield at all seeding rates was observed. In the variety Ulyanovskaya 105 yield increase to the control was - 0.55; 0.67; 0.72 and 0.70 tonnes/ha at sowing 4, 5, 6 and 7 million germinated seeds per hectare. Tulaikovskaya Nadezhda variety showed yield gains of 0.69; 0.79; 0.70 to 0.76 tonnes/ha, respectively. Spelt wheat of sample k-10456 showed yield gains of 0.19; 0.27; 0.33 and 0.28 tonnes/ha at 4, 5, 6 and 7 million germinated seeds per hectare, while Runo variety showed yield gains of 0.25; 0.24; 0.22 and 0.21 tonnes/ha, respectively. The best yield of both types of spring soft wheat was observed when sowing 5 million germinated seeds per hectare in both control and fertilised variant of the experiment under growing conditions in 2022. Under dry growing conditions in 2023, the best yield results were achieved at a seeding rate of 5 million grains per hectare in the control and 6 million grains per hectare in the ferti-lised variant of the experiment under drought conditions.