Pharmacognostic evaluation and coagulant analysis of the ethanol extracts of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae)

Ocimum gratissimum belongs to the group of plants known as spices. The plant is an erect small plumb with many branches usually not more than 1m high. It is of the familylabiatae, genus Ocimum and species gratissimum. It is commonly known as scent leaf. This project is focused on the pharmacognostic and coagulant activities of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. The ethanol leaf extract of the plant was obtained using cold maceration with ethanol and then filtered and concentrated using rotary evaporator. The extract was used for coagulant evaluations, pharmacognostic evaluation and chromatographic (thin layer chromatography) analysis. The LD50 was determined in rats using Lorkes method. Microscopic result shows the presence of a covering or uniseratetrichomes, sclerenchyma none pitted with lumen and diacytic stomata. The numerical data obtained were 8.75%, 12% and 8.45% for moisture content, alcohol extractive value and total cash value. The LD50 shows that there was no death recoded because of the holistic use of the plants. The result of the coagulation research are as follow: Group 1 clotting time 1: 69 min and bleeding time 2: 62min, group 2 clotting time 1: 39 min and bleeding time 4: 79min, group 3 clotting time 1: 37 min and bleeding time 1: 99min, group 4 clotting time 1: 81mins and bleeding time is 2: 28mins, group 5 clotting time is 1: 47mins and bleeding time is 2: 49mins) This shows that the ethanol extract of Ocimum gratissimumon rats exhibited coagulant property. The phytochemical analysis of this plant reveals that it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, glycosides and resins. It can therefore be concluded that the ethanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum possesses coagulant activity. This study can be of great importance to the development of new coagulant drugs. Citation: Osualaet al.(2021) Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Coagulant screening of Ethanol Extract of the Leaves ofOcimumgratissimumL. (Lamiaceae) Journal