Exploring the therapeutic potential of Ocimum gratissimum extracts against microbial infections: A Comprehensive review

The escalating challenge of microbial resistance to conventional antimicrobial drugs has spurred a quest for alternative treatments, with plant-based extracts emerging as promising candidates. Over recent decades, plants and their extracts have been harnessed for various purposes, including medicinal applications, flavoring agents, food preservation, and disease prevention. Ocimum gratissimum, a locally abundant plant, has garnered attention for its multifaceted therapeutic and nutritional properties. O. gratissimum, commonly known as clove basil, has a rich history of culinary and medicinal use. Its essential oils are prized for their diverse applications, from culinary flavorings to toiletries and cosmetics additives. Extracts derived from O. gratissimum leaves have demonstrated efficacy against various ailments. Water extracts of the leaves exhibit anti-malarial properties, alleviate catarrh and stomach pain, and possess anticonvulsant and antitussive effects. Conversely, oil leaf extracts showcase potent antibacterial, antiseptic, and antifungal activities. This comprehensive review explores the therapeutic potential of O. gratissimum extracts, shedding light on their diverse pharmacological properties and potential applications in combating microbial infections. By harnessing the bioactive compounds present in O. gratissimum, novel avenues for addressing the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance may be unveiled. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed effects and optimize the utilization of O. gratissimum extracts in clinical settings.