AI-Powered HRM and Sustainable Organizational Performance: The Mediating Roles of Green Learning and Engagement Under Environmental Uncertainty

The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into human resource management (HRM) has created new opportunities for organizations to enhance sustainability-oriented outcomes. However, empirical understanding of how AI-driven HR practices contribute to sustainable organizational performance through green HRM mechanisms remains limited, particularly under conditions of environmental uncertainty. Addressing this gap, the present study develops and tests a comprehensive mediation–moderation framework examining the effects of AI adoption in HR processes and AI-enabled strategic HR planning on sustainable organizational performance, with green organizational learning and green employee engagement as mediating variables and environmental uncertainty as a moderating condition. Using a quantitative, cross-sectional research design, data were collected through a structured survey from employees working in organizations that have adopted AI-based HR systems. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to assess the measurement and structural models. The results reveal that both AI adoption in HR processes and AI-enabled HR planning have significant positive effects on sustainable organizational performance. Furthermore, green organizational learning and green employee engagement significantly mediate these relationships, indicating that AI-driven HR practices enhance sustainability outcomes by strengthening organizational learning capabilities and employee involvement in environmental initiatives. The findings also demonstrate that environmental uncertainty positively moderates the relationships between AI-driven HR practices and sustainable organizational performance, highlighting the increased strategic value of AI-enabled HR systems in dynamic and volatile environments. This study contributes to the literature by integrating AI adoption, Green HRM mechanisms, and sustainability outcomes within a single empirical framework. It extends Green HRM and digital HRM research by identifying internal environmental capabilities as key pathways linking AI-enabled HR practices to sustainable performance. Practically, the findings offer actionable insights for HR leaders and policymakers seeking to leverage AI-driven HR strategies to build environmentally responsible, resilient, and high-performing organizations.