Advances and Development of Electronic Neural Interfaces

The discipline of neural engineering is working to enhance the functional and stability lifespan of present implanted neuroelectronic interfaces by developing next-generation interfaces employing biologically-derived and biologically-inspired materials. Humans and robots may exchange information using input devices like keyboards and touchscreens. Future information sharing may be facilitated through neural interfaces that provide a more direct electric connection between digital (man-made) systems and analog nerve systems. This paper presents the history and development of electronic brain interface; and classifies and analyzes the interfaces into four generations based on the technical landmarks within the electronic sensor interface and its evolution, including the patch clamp method, integrated neural interfaces, wearable or implantable neural interfaces, and multi-based neural interfaces. In this paper, we also discuss the potential presented by cutting-edge technology and critical system and circuit problems in the neural interface model.