Extended Pedestrian Evacuation Model Considering Multiple Evacuation Behaviors

A variety of behaviors can exist in pedestrian evacuation, altruistic, competitive, indifferent, and so forth. Understanding the psychological state of pedestrians and the various evacuation behaviors that arise is important because it plays a critical role in understanding the entire evacuation process. In this paper, an extended cellular automata model is developed to study the different behaviors of pedestrians in evacuation. Pedestrians are classified by psychological and physical heterogeneity, including helpful pedestrians, aggressive pedestrians, apathetic pedestrians, and vulnerable pedestrians. In this model, pedestrians are affected by static fields, dynamic fields, helper fields, and attack fields. In addition, the pedestrian view is affected by the density and position of movement of surrounding pedestrians. And, pedestrian movement, small group movement, helping behavior, aggressive behavior, and apathetic behavior are also considered simultaneously. Numerical simulations were conducted to discuss the pedestrian evacuation problem under multiple behaviors, and the effects of helping behavior, the number of attackers, attack force, pedestrian density, and apathetic behavior on the evacuation process were analyzed in detail. The results of the study can provide reference and guidance for the development of pedestrian evacuation strategies in the presence of helping, aggressive behavior events, and reducing casualties.