DISP-05. Exposure to asbestos in buildings: A silent risk of brain tumors during maintenance and occupancy

Abstract BACKGROUND Asbestos is recognized as a proven human carcinogen. Many buildings constructed before 2000 continue to harbor asbestos in ceiling tiles, pipe insulation, boilers and sprayed coatings. While the link between asbestos exposure and malignancies is well recognized, its role in nervous system tumors remains poorly documented. METHODS We carried out a review of scientific literature to assess the link between exposure to asbestos and the risk of nervous system tumors. Data were analyzed, with particular emphasis on the potential exposure to asbestos fibers during maintenance and occupancy of old buildings. RESULTS According to recent studies, asbestos-related diseases are likely to remain a global health problem for many years to come. Our results suggest that asbestos exposure goes beyond pulmonary effects, potentially contributing to brain tumor pathogenesis through fiber migration and inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. More or less recent studies have shown increased mortality from brain tumors among petrochemical workers, as well as during the rescue operations of September 11. Other studies have found high levels of asbestos in people with astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme. Using the BDORT test, these brain tumours had the highest asbestos concentrations of all the cancers studied (around 0.2 to 2.1 mg in BDORT units). Among workers exposed to asbestos during the September 11th rescue operations, in addition to malignant mesothelioma of the lung, a high accumulation of asbestos was detected in certain areas of the brain, associated with the potential presence of astrocytomas. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between asbestos exposure and brain tumors remains an emerging area of research, with current evidence suggesting a potential established association. Asbestos materials can release fibers when handled during renovation, demolition or maintenance work on insulation, roofing, plumbing and electrical systems. Microscopic asbestos fibers can circulate in the bloodstream and reach various organs including the brain, which could promote brain cancer.