TO IDENTIFY THE FIRST STAGE OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN ODESA

The article is devoted to identifying the first stage of urban development in Odesa. The Odesa Gulf has been known as a convenient point for maritime navigation since the times of Ancient Greece. Archaeological research confirms the existence of settlements in this area since those times. However, in the context of urban development, current historical and urban planning studies consider the period after 1794 to be the first stage, when the planning development of Odesa began to take place according to an approved master plan. Meanwhile, numerous studies by historians since the 19th century, as well as historiographical sources, indicate the existence of a city with developed infrastructure and clear planning zoning since at least the mid-18th century. A critical review of current ideas about the stages of Odesa's urban development is also prompted by the need to implement a modern HUL approach to the UNESCO World Heritage Site - the Historic Center of Odesa. An analysis of historiographical materials leads to the conclusion that the spatial organization of Khadzhibey consisted of three functional planning zones (territories): the forstadt, or downtown development area (residential and public), the defense area (fortress, earthen fortifications, esplanade), and the territory of port facilities (quay, warehouse buildings, etc.). The study found that the spatial organization of the territories of the city of Khadzhibey during the Ottoman period from the second half of the 18th century to the end of the 18th century became the basis for the spatial organization of the city in subsequent stages of urban development. The urban morphological features of certain areas of the historic center of modern Odesa (the urban structure of Primorsky Boulevard and European Square, Shevchenko Park) can be considered a material reflection of the spatial organization of the city during the above-mentioned period. It has been established that the first stage of urban development in Odesa should be considered the stage of formation of the spatial organization of the city of Khadzhibey during the Ottoman period in the second half of the 18th century - late 18th century (1754-1789).